背景:长期纯母乳喂养是公共卫生的优先事项,也是母亲的个人愿望,但比例很低,牛奶供应挑战是主要原因。家庭早期母乳喂养管理是关键。牛奶电解质,主要是Na+,在出生后的最初几周被认为是分泌激活过程的生物标志物,以及长期母乳喂养成功的预测因素,虽然没有纳入常规护理实践。
目的:为了测试一种新颖的手持式智能手机操作的牛奶电导率传感系统的可行性,旨在计算根据牛奶样品电导率计算的新型牛奶成熟(MM%)参数,用于在现实世界的家庭环境中跟踪个体分泌激活的进展。
方法:系统性能最初是在基于实验室的牛奶分析收集的数据中进行评估,然后对使用该系统收集的观察性现实世界数据进行回顾性分析。在家里的现场,由哺乳支持提供者或直接由母亲实施(N=592)。数据包括牛奶样品感测数据,婴儿年龄,以及自我报告的母乳喂养状况和母乳喂养相关状况。数据以出生后一天的依赖方式追溯分类,基于母乳喂养的排他性和与无效母乳喂养和低牛奶供应相关的母乳喂养问题,并对结果进行组间比较。
结果:一组母乳样本的实验室分析表明,系统结果与Na+水平之间存在很强的相关性。在现实世界的数据集中,共有1511个牛奶检测记录在现场与592名现实世界的母亲。使用该系统收集的数据显示,牛奶成熟参数的典型时间依赖性增加,其特征是最初的急剧增加,然后是适度增加,并在产后的第一周达到平稳状态。此外,该系统捕获的乳汁成熟参数水平对纯母乳喂养和母乳喂养问题的母乳喂养状态分类敏感,在出生后的几天范围内表现出群体均值的差异,主要在产后的头几周。在个别母亲的出生依赖性进步后,每个病例的时间也可以证明差异。
结论:这项可行性研究表明,使用智能牛奶电导率传感技术可以提供强大的,个体母乳喂养效率的客观测量,促进家庭环境中的远程数据收集。它在增强自我监测和远程母乳喂养管理能力方面具有相当大的潜力,以及完善临床分类。为了进一步验证这种家庭牛奶监测工具的临床相关性和潜力,未来的临床对照研究是必要的.这些将提供对其对用户和护理提供者满意度的影响的见解,以及达到母乳喂养成功目标的潜力。见可视化摘要附录。
背景:
BACKGROUND: Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding is a public health priority and a personal desire by mothers; however, rates are low with milk supply challenges as a predominant cause. Early breastfeeding management at home is key. Milk electrolytes, mainly sodium ions, are accepted as biomarkers of secretory activation processes throughout the first weeks after birth and predictors for prolonged breastfeeding success, although they are not incorporated into routine care practice.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of a novel handheld smartphone-operated milk conductivity sensing system that was designed to compute a novel parameter, milk maturation percent (MM%), calculated from milk sample conductivity for tracking individual secretory activation progress in a real-world home setting.
METHODS: System performance was initially evaluated in data collected from laboratory-based milk analysis, followed by a retrospective analysis of observational real-world data gathered with the system, on the spot in an at-home setting, implemented by lactation support providers or directly by mothers (N=592). Data collected included milk sample sensing data, baby age, and self-reported breastfeeding status and breastfeeding-related conditions. The data were retroactively classified in a day after birth-dependent manner. Results were compared between groups classified according to breastfeeding exclusivity and breastfeeding problems associated with ineffective breastfeeding and low milk supply.
RESULTS: Laboratory analysis in a set of breast milk samples demonstrated a strong correlation between the system\'s results and sodium ion levels. In the real-world data set, a total of 1511 milk sensing records were obtained on the spot with over 592 real-world mothers. Data gathered with the system revealed a typical time-dependent increase in the milk maturation parameter (MM%), characterized by an initial steep increase, followed by a moderate increase, and reaching a plateau during the first weeks postpartum. Additionally, MM% levels captured by the system were found to be sensitive to breastfeeding status classifications of exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding problems, manifested by differences in group means in the several-day range after birth, predominantly during the first weeks postpartum. Differences could also be demonstrated for the per-case time after birth-dependent progress in individual mothers.
CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study demonstrates that the use of smart milk conductivity sensing technology can provide a robust, objective measure of individual breastfeeding efficiency, facilitating remote data collection within a home setting. This system holds considerable potential to augment both self-monitoring and remote breastfeeding management capabilities, as well as to refine clinical classifications. To further validate the clinical relevance and potential of this home milk monitoring tool, future controlled clinical studies are necessary, which will provide insights into its impact on user and care provider satisfaction and its potential to meet breastfeeding success goals.