废机油是源自运输部门和工业重型机械操作的有害废油。处理不当,处置,和其他误用会导致大量空气,土壤,沉积物,地表水,和地下水污染。长期和反复接触的职业暴露会带来直接或间接的健康风险,导致短期(急性)或长期(慢性)毒性。土壤污染通过破坏土壤的生物群落和理化性质而引起地理毒性,和损害植物生长的植物毒性,生理和新陈代谢。地表水污染影响水生生态系统和生物多样性。焚烧造成的空气污染导致温室气体的释放,造成全球变暖,有害气体和颗粒物引起肺部疾病。废机油的毒性是由于总石油烃(TPH)成分,包括多环芳烃(PAHs),苯,甲苯,乙苯,二甲苯(BTEX),多氯联苯(PCBs)同源物,有机金属化合物,和有毒的化学添加剂。本文旨在全面概述生态毒理学效应,人类和动物健康毒理学和暴露于废机油。它突出了发动机油的特性和功能,并描述了废发动机油的产生,处置和回收。它提供了毒物动力学的深入评估和描述,新陈代谢,基于毒理学的人类和动物研究中的暴露途径和中毒,流行病学和实验研究。它强调了职业暴露的预防措施,并建议了基于风险的修复技术来减轻环境污染。审查将有助于了解废机油的潜在风险,同时考虑到公共卫生的益处和重要性。
Waste engine oils are hazardous waste oils originating from the transportation sector and industrial heavy-duty machinery operations. Improper handling, disposal, and miscellaneous misuses cause significant air, soil, sediments, surface water, and groundwater
pollution. Occupational exposure by prolonged and repeated contact poses direct or indirect health risks, resulting in short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic) toxicities. Soil
pollution causes geotoxicity by disrupting the biocenosis and physicochemical properties of the soil, and phytotoxicity by impairing plant growth, physiology and metabolism. Surface water
pollution impacts aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. Air
pollution from incineration causes the release of greenhouse gases creating global warming, noxious gases and particulate matter eliciting pulmonary disorders. The toxicity of waste engine oil is due to the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) composition, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners, organometallic compounds, and toxic chemical additives. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ecotoxicological effects, human and animal health toxicology and exposure to waste engine oils. It highlights the properties and functions of engine oil and describes waste engine oil generation, disposal and recycling. It provides intensive evaluations and descriptions of the toxicokinetics, metabolism, routes of exposure and toxicosis in human and animal studies based on toxicological, epidemiological and experimental studies. It emphasises the preventive measures in occupational exposure and recommends risk-based remediation techniques to mitigate environmental
pollution. The review will assist in understanding the potential risks of waste engine oil with significant consideration of the public health benefits and importance.