背景:中国的老年农民工(OMWs)面临着源于其早期生活经历的独特挑战,这增加了他们成年后对心理和行为问题的脆弱性。利用累积劣势模型和社会生态系统理论,本研究探讨了儿童期家庭逆境对成年期抑郁在OMWs社会生态微系统和中系统的中介作用,并进一步研究了这些关联中的性别差异。
方法:数据来自中国健康与退休纵向研究(CHARLS),涉及4,309个50岁及以上的OMWs样本。这些措施包括流行病学研究中心抑郁量表,童年家庭逆境,社会经济地位,婚姻质量,以及身体和认知健康。
结果:儿童家庭逆境与OMWs的成年期抑郁呈正相关。社会微系统(身体和认知健康)和中系统(婚姻质量和社会经济地位)因素显着介导了这种关系。多群体分析显示,女性OMWs的婚姻质量和社会经济地位的中介效应更强,而男性OMWs的身体和认知健康的中介作用更强。
结论:研究结果表明,儿童家庭逆境对OMWs的心理健康有持久影响,社会生态系统因素在这种关系中起着重要作用。该研究还强调需要针对不同性别的干预措施,以满足OMWs的心理健康需求。
BACKGROUND: Older migrant workers (OMWs) in China face unique challenges rooted in their early life experiences, which increase their vulnerability to psychological and behavioral problems in adulthood. By utilizing the cumulative disadvantage model and the social-ecological systems theory, this study explored the effect of childhood family adversity on adulthood depression in the mediating roles of OMWs\' social-ecological microsystem and mesosystem and further examined gender differences in these associations.
METHODS: Data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), involving a sample of 4,309 OMWs aged 50 and above. The measures included the Center for Epidemiological Research Depression Scale, childhood family adversity, socioeconomic status, marital quality, and physical and cognitive health.
RESULTS: Childhood family adversity was positively associated with adulthood depression among OMWs. Social microsystem (physical and cognitive health) and mesosystem (marital quality and socioeconomic status) factors significantly mediated this relationship. Multi-group analysis revealed that the mediating effects of marital quality and socioeconomic status were stronger for female OMWs, while the mediating effects of physical and cognitive health were stronger for male OMWs.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that childhood family adversity has a lasting impact on the mental health of OMWs, and that social-ecological systems factors play an important role in this relationship. The study also highlights the need for gender-specific interventions to address the mental health needs of OMWs.