作为植物宏量营养素建立,钾(K)大大赋予植物生长,因此,全球粮食生产。它被植物作为钾阳离子(K+)从土壤溶液中吸收,通过从土壤矿物质中缓慢释放或添加可溶性肥料来富集。土壤中生物可利用度K+的贡献通常不显著(<2%),虽然地壳富含含钾矿物。然而,K主要固定在含钾矿物的层间空间中,它可以通过增钾细菌(KSB)如芽孢杆菌释放,假单胞菌,肠杆菌,和嗜酸硫杆菌.KSB溶解K的潜在机制包括酸解,离子交换反应,螯合,络合分解,以及各种有机和无机酸如柠檬酸的释放,草酸,乙酸,葡糖酸,和酒石酸.这些酸导致含钾矿物质的分解,并将K带入植物可利用的土壤溶液中。当前的文献综述更新了有关微生物物种的科学信息,因素,以及控制含钾矿物生物侵入的机制。此外,它探索了KSB的潜力,不仅用于钾的溶解,而且还提高了磷的生物利用度,氮,和微量营养素,以及它对植物生长的其他有益影响。因此,在可持续农业生产和全球粮食安全的背景下,KSB的利用可以促进植物养分的利用,保护自然资源,减少化肥对环境的影响。
Established as a plant macronutrient, potassium (K) substantially bestows plant growth and thus, global food production. It is absorbed by plants as potassium cation (K+) from soil solution, which is enriched through slow-release from soil minerals or addition of soluble fertilizers. Contribution of bioavailable K+ from soil is usually insignificant (< 2 %), although the earth\'s crust is rich in K-bearing minerals. However, K is fixed largely in interlayer spaces of K-bearing minerals, which can be released by K-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Acidithiobacillus. The underlying
mechanisms of K dissolution by KSB include acidolysis, ion exchange reactions, chelation, complexolysis, and release of various organic and inorganic acids such as citric, oxalic, acetic, gluconic, and tartaric acids. These acids cause disintegration of K-bearing minerals and bring K+ into soil solution that becomes available to the plants. Current literature review updates the scientific information about microbial species, factors, and
mechanisms governing the bio-intrusion of K-bearing minerals. Moreover, it explores the potential of KSB not only for K-solubilization but also to enhance bioavailability of phosphorus, nitrogen, and micronutrients, as well as its other beneficial impact on plant growth. Thus, in the context of sustainable agricultural production and global food security, utilization of KSB may facilitate plant nutrient availability, conserve natural resources, and reduce environmental impacts caused by chemical fertilizers.