计算机断层扫描通常用于评估爬行动物的腔室。在爬行动物中获取对比增强CT研究的一个挑战是由于外周血管的显眼性差而难以放置静脉导管。为了克服这些限制,长骨(肱骨,股骨,和胫骨)可以使用。这项前瞻性研究的目的是评估使用股骨骨内途径进行对比剂给药的腔室对比增强CT的可行性和诊断价值。12只健康的幼年绿鬣蜥被录取。在12只鬣蜥中的9只,获得血管相位,提供强大,同时均匀增强动脉和静脉树。在这九种情况下,第1阶段,在开始注射造影剂后60秒获得,在肝实质和肝脉管系统之间提供最大的对比。在其余三个案例中,注射失败是由于导管尖端的皮质内放置造成的。肝脏组织学检查,肾脏,和股骨进行检查以确定CT表现的病理形态学相关性;在三分之一的患者中,有一定程度的造影剂引起的肾毒性,在哺乳动物中显示出可逆性的潜力。由于骨内导管的放置,四只鬣蜥对股骨生长板造成了医源性结构损伤。股骨骨内途径可用于绿鬣蜥的碘化造影剂给药,用于CT血管造影。为了最大程度地对比体腔器官和血管结构,使用此技术时,建议在开始使用造影剂后60s进行至少一次造影剂采集。
Computed tomography is commonly used to evaluate the reptile coelom. One challenge in the acquisition of contrast-enhanced CT studies in reptiles is the difficulty in placing intravenous catheters due to the poor conspicuity of peripheral vessels. To overcome these limitations,
intraosseous catheterization of the long bones (humerus, femur, and tibia) can be used. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced CT of the coelom using a femoral
intraosseous route for contrast administration. Twelve healthy juvenile green iguanas were enrolled. In 9 of 12 iguanas, vascular phases were obtained, providing strong, homogeneous enhancement of the arterial and venous tree concurrently. In these nine cases, Phase #1, acquired 60 s after beginning the injection of contrast medium, provided maximal contrast between the hepatic parenchyma and hepatic vasculature. In the remaining three cases, injection failure resulted from intracortical placement of the catheter tip. Histological examination of the liver, kidneys, and femur was performed to determine the pathomorphological correlates of the CT findings; in a third of patients, some degree of contrast-induced renal toxicity was documented, which in mammalians shows potential for reversibility. Four iguanas had iatrogenic structural damage to the femoral growth plates attributed to
intraosseous catheter placement. A femoral
intraosseous route can be used in green iguanas for iodinated contrast medium administration for CT angiography. For the greatest contrast between coelomic organs and vascular structures, at least one postcontrast acquisition 60 s after initiation of contrast administration is recommended when using this technique.