最大艾美球虫是鸡中球虫病的主要原因,并且是其他经济上重要的疾病如坏死性肠炎的关键诱发因素。然而,目前仍缺乏对E.maxima感染的肠道微生物组反应的详细了解.本研究旨在全面调查E.maxima感染后14天肠道微生物组的动态变化。在专利(3dpi)下,用从模拟和E.maxima感染的鸡中收集的回肠和盲肠消化物进行细菌16SrRNA基因测序,急性(5和7dpi),和感染的恢复期(10和14dpi)。尽管在3dpi没有观察到明显的变化,在5和7dpi时,回肠和盲肠中的微生物区系都发生了显着变化。到14dpi,肠道微生物群趋于恢复健康状态。值得注意的是,在回肠和盲肠中,乳酸杆菌在对E.maxima感染的反应中富集。虽然个别乳酸菌,小杆菌,和Limosilactacillus物种在响应的时间模式上有所不同。同时,主要的产生短链脂肪酸的细菌,如粪杆菌,在盲肠中逐渐被E.maxima抑制。另一方面,机会性病原体,如埃希氏菌,肠球菌,在急性感染期间,回肠中葡萄球菌明显富集。
目的:我们首次观察到肠道菌群对最大艾美球虫感染的动态反应,与其生命周期同步。在早期感染期间,回肠和盲肠微生物群中发生的变化最小,而显着的改变与急性感染和肠粘膜衬里的破坏相吻合。随着动物从球虫病中恢复,肠道菌群基本恢复正常。E.maxima诱导的肠道炎症可能会产生有利于耐氧厌氧菌如乳酸菌生长的环境,以及兼性厌氧菌,如埃希氏菌,肠球菌,和葡萄球菌,同时抑制专性厌氧菌如短链脂肪酸产生菌的生长。这些发现扩大了我们对艾美球虫感染期间微生物群结构的时间动态的理解,并提供了对球虫病发病机理的见解。支持基于微生物组的策略在控制和预防这种情况的理由。
Eimeria maxima is a major cause of
coccidiosis in chickens and a key predisposing factor for other economically significant diseases such as necrotic enteritis. However, a detailed understanding of the intestinal microbiome response to E. maxima infection is still lacking. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the dynamic changes of the intestinal microbiome for 14 days post-infection (dpi) with E. maxima. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed with the ileal and cecal digesta collected from mock and E. maxima-infected chickens at the prepatent (3 dpi), acute (5 and 7 dpi), and recovery phases (10 and 14 dpi) of infection. Although no notable changes were observed at 3 dpi, significant alterations of the microbiota occurred in both the ileum and cecum at 5 and 7 dpi. By 14 dpi, the intestinal microbiota tended to return to a healthy state. Notably, Lactobacillus was enriched in response to E. maxima infection in both the ileum and cecum, although individual Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus species varied in the temporal pattern of response. Concurrently, major short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, were progressively suppressed by E. maxima in the cecum. On the other hand, opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus were significantly enriched in the ileum during acute infection.
OBJECTIVE: We have observed for the first time the dynamic response of the intestinal microbiota to Eimeria maxima infection, synchronized with its life cycle. Minimal changes occur in both the ileal and cecal microbiota during early infection, while significant alterations coincide with acute infection and disruption of the intestinal mucosal lining. As animals recover from
coccidiosis, the intestinal microbiota largely returns to normal. E. maxima-induced intestinal inflammation likely creates an environment conducive to the growth of aerotolerant anaerobes such as Lactobacillus, as well as facultative anaerobes such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus, while suppressing the growth of obligate anaerobes such as short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. These findings expand our understanding of the temporal dynamics of the microbiota structure during Eimeria infection and offer insights into the pathogenesis of
coccidiosis, supporting the rationale for microbiome-based strategies in the control and prevention of this condition.