BACKGROUND: A train-the-trainer approach can effectively support the integration of new practice standards for health and social services professionals. This study describes the effects of an enhanced train-the-trainer program to support registered nurses and social workers working in primary care clinics in their understanding of the fundamental principles of primary care.
METHODS: We implemented an enhanced train-the-trainer program for registered nurses and social workers in six primary care clinics. We conducted a pre-post study using quantitative and qualitative data to assess trainers\' and trainees\' intention, commitment, and confidence in applying acquired knowledge.
RESULTS: We trained 11 trainers and 33 trainees. All the trainers and trainees were satisfied with the program. Trainers were less confident in their abilities as trainers following the training, especially regarding tailored coaching (p = 0.03). Trainees\' commitment to becoming familiar with the functioning of their clinic (p = 0.05) and becoming part of the team increased significantly (p = 0.01); however, their intention to use their knowledge decreased (p = 0.02). Trainers and trainees identified organizational and professional barriers that may explain the observed decrease.
CONCLUSIONS: An enhanced train-the-trainer program positively impacted registered nurses\' and social workers\' assimilation of the fundamental principles of primary care. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of train-the-trainer programs on primary care trainees and how these effects translate into patient care.

Objective Common mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression, have many individual and societal consequences. Various treatments are available for people with these diagnoses, including medication and cognitive behavioral therapy. When these disorders are mild or moderate, psychotherapy is the recommended first-line treatment, given its greater long-term efficacy than pharmacotherapy. However, this is not what is observed in practice: medication is much more widely used than psychotherapy, the latter\'s accessibility being greatly reduced by long waiting lists. An alternative to these accessibility difficulties is the stepped-care model, which includes guided self-help. These are low-intensity interventions that enable more people to be treated with fewer resources (e.g., fewer meetings with a professional). The Programme québécois pour les troubles mentaux (PQPTM; Quebec Program for Mental Disorders) is a stepped-care model recently implemented in some settings in Quebec. The aim of this study is to gather the perceptions of social workers (SWs) in a Centre intégré (universitaire) de santé et de services sociaux (CI[U]SSS; Community mental health center) on the implementation of the PQPTM guided self-help. Methods To this end, three focus groups of approximately 1h30 were conducted with 13 SWs. The data were coded and analyzed using a thematic qualitative inductive-deductive approach, based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementing Research (CFIR) and the participants\' responses obtained during the focus groups. Results The barriers and facilitators to PQPTM guided self-help implementation identified relate to different CFIR constructs: intervention characteristics (e.g., monitoring, type of self-help), internal implementation parameters (e.g., training, organizational pressures), caregiver characteristics (e.g., experience, appropriation time), user characteristics (e.g., age, personality) and process (e.g., treatment integrity, supervision). The results of this qualitative study show that SWs have varied perceptions and opinions of the PQPTM guided self-help: 64% of the themes discussed were nuanced, while 25% were considered exclusively as barriers and 11% exclusively as facilitators. Conclusion These results shed light on the factors that can contribute to the successful implementation of the PQPTM guided self-help in Quebec, with a view to improving it at the heart of the specific CI(U)SSS of the current study and in other mental health centers in Quebec. Several recommendations are made in this respect: for example, to increase upstream planning for future implementations, to maintain access to training and supervision, and to guarantee the availability and printing of self-help guides.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the incidence and trends of workers\' compensation (WC) claims for psychological injury: (1) between health and social care (HSC) industry and other industries; (2) among specific occupations in the HSC industry; and (3) to determine if psychological injury claim rates differ by age and gender in the HSC industry and among specific occupations.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the New South Wales WC system. Workers with accepted psychological injury claims between July 2012 and June 2021 were included. Negative binomial regression models were employed to estimate incidence rate ratios and 95% CIs.
RESULTS: The HSC industry had a higher incidence (2.4 per 1000 workers) than all other industries combined (1.1 per 1000 workers). In the HSC industry, the incidence increased from 1.8 in 2013-2015 to 3.4 in 2019-2021. Ambulance officers had the highest incidence (24.9 per 1000 workers) and the highest growth rate. Nurses and midwives, and aged and disability care workers also had fast-growing incidence over the 9 years. Risk of psychological injury claims was highest among female workers and older adults.
CONCLUSIONS: The increasing incidence and trend of psychological injury claims among HSC workers in New South Wales signify a growing public health issue. Greater efforts are needed to prevent work-related psychological injury in the HSC industry and support affected workers. The different patterns of psychological injury claims across occupations suggest that interventions should be tailored to each occupational group.

UNASSIGNED: This study explores the application and extent of utilization of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) among rural social workers, identifying key factors such as attitudes, social pressures, and perceived barriers that influence its use.
UNASSIGNED: Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework, this research involved a comprehensive survey targeting rural social workers. The survey assessed their attitudes toward EBP, the social pressures, and the barriers in implementing EBP. Data from 91 participants were analyzed using multiple regression to determine how these factors impact EBP utilization.
UNASSIGNED: The analysis indicated that while attitudes toward EBP did not significantly affect its use, perceived ease of use, social pressures, and practical barriers were significant predictors. Interestingly, the data showed that external factors like organizational support and resource availability played a larger role than personal attitudes in the adoption of EBP. The regression model successfully explained 39% of the variance in EBP usage among rural social workers.
UNASSIGNED: The findings underscore the importance of external over internal factors in the adoption of EBP within rural settings. The study suggests that improving access to EBP resources and enhancing organizational support could facilitate more effective use of EBP among rural social workers.
UNASSIGNED: Effective implementation of EBP in rural areas necessitates addressing both perceived and actual barriers. Developing strategies to enhance resource availability and organizational support is recommended to boost EBP adoption, ultimately aiming to improve service outcomes and client well-being.

BACKGROUND: In 2018, the Dutch government initiated the Solid Start program to provide each child with the best start in life. Key program elements are a biopsychosocial perspective on pregnancy and children\'s development and stimulating local collaborations between social and health domains, with a specific focus on (future) families in vulnerable situations. Two programs for interprofessional collaboration between maternity and social care professionals to optimize care for pregnant women in vulnerable situations were developed and implemented, in Groningen in 2017 and in South Limburg in 2021. This paper describes the extent of implementation of these programs and the perceptions of involved professionals about determinants that influence program implementation.
METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods study in 2021 and 2022 in two Dutch regions, Groningen and South Limburg. Questionnaires were sent to primary care midwives, hospital-based midwives, obstetricians (i.e. maternity care professionals), (coordinating) youth health care nurses and social workers (i.e. social care professionals), involved in the execution of the programs. Semi-structured interviews were held with involved professionals to enrich the quantitative data. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed using Fleuren\'s implementation model.
RESULTS: The findings of the questionnaire (n = 60) and interviews (n = 28) indicate that professionals in both regions are generally positive about the implemented programs. However, there was limited knowledge and use of the program in Groningen. Promoting factors for implementation were mentioned on the determinants for the innovation and the user. Maternity care professionals prefer a general, conversational way to identify vulnerabilities that connects to midwives\' daily practice. Low-threshold, personal contact with clear agreements for referral and consultation between professionals contributes to implementation. Professionals agree that properly identifying vulnerabilities and referring women to appropriate care is an important task and contributes to better care. On the determinants of the organization, professionals indicate some preconditions for successful implementation, such as clearly described roles and responsibilities, interprofessional training, time and financial resources.
CONCLUSIONS: Areas for improvement for the implementation of interprofessional collaboration between maternity care and social care focus mainly on determinants of the organization, which should be addressed both regionally and nationally. In addition, sustainable implementation requires continuous awareness of influencing factors and a process of evaluation, adaptation and support of the target group.

UNASSIGNED: The population health burden of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) reflects a critical need for evidence-based provider training. Rural children are also more likely than urban children to have any ACEs. A large proportion of providers are unaware of the detrimental effects of ACEs. There is a significant documented need for training providers about ACEs and trauma-informed care, in addition to a demand for that training.
UNASSIGNED: The objective was to develop, implement, and evaluate an online ACEs training curriculum tailored to Missouri providers, particularly those in rural areas given the higher prevalence of ACEs.
UNASSIGNED: From July 2021 to June 2022, we conducted literature reviews and environmental scans of training videos, partner organizations, clinical practice guidelines, and community-based resources to curate appropriate and tailored content for the course. We developed the ACEs training course in the Canvas learning platform (Instructure) with the assistance of an instructional designer and media designer. The course was certified for continuing medical education, as well as continuing education for licensed professional counselors, psychologists, and social workers. Recruitment occurred via key stakeholder email invitations and snowball recruitment.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, 135 providers across Missouri requested enrollment, with 72.6% (n=98) enrolling and accessing the training. Of the latter, 49% (n=48) completed course requirements, with 100% of respondents agreeing that the content was relevant to their work, life, or practice; they intend to apply the content to their work, life, or practice; they feel confident to do so; and they would recommend the course to others. Qualitative responses supported active intent to translate knowledge into practice.
UNASSIGNED: This study demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of interprofessional workforce ACEs training. Robust interest statewide reflects recognition of the topic\'s importance and intention to translate knowledge into practice.

BACKGROUND: While child welfare scholarship has paid much attention to workforce well-being such as burnout, secondary traumatic stress (STS), and compassion satisfaction, few studies have investigated how these outcomes influence utilization of casework skills.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the relationship between child welfare workforce well-being and use of casework skills. Specifically, we examined associations between burnout, STS, and compassion satisfaction and casework skills including parent/youth engagement, safety and risk assessment/case planning, and relative/kin connections.
METHODS: Participants comprised 786 child welfare direct service workers and supervisors in a Midwestern state.
METHODS: Using a repeated cross-sectional design, data were collected via online surveys. Multivariate regression tested relationships between measures of well-being and casework skills.
RESULTS: First, higher compassion satisfaction was positively associated (p = 0.000, f2 = 0.14) while higher burnout (p = 0.000, f2 = 0.04) and STS (p = 0.002, f2 = 0.01) were negatively associated with use of engagement skills. Similarly, higher compassion satisfaction was positively associated (p = 0.000, f2 = 0.18) and higher burnout (p = 0.000, f2 = 0.06) and STS (p = 0.001, f2 = 0.02) were negatively associated with use of assessment/case planning skills. Lastly, compassion satisfaction (p = 0.000, f2 = 0.06) was positively associated and burnout was negatively associated (p = 0.000, f2 = 0.02) with relative/kin connections.
CONCLUSIONS: Child welfare workforce well-being may influence use of casework skills. More research is needed to understand how positive workforce well-being impacts service delivery and, ultimately, child and family outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The use of wearable monitoring devices (WMDs), such as smartwatches, is advancing support and care for community-dwelling older adults across the globe. Despite existing evidence of the importance of WMDs in preventing problems and promoting health, significant concerns remain about the decline in use after a period of time, which warrant an understanding of how older adults experience the devices.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore and describe the experiences of community-dwelling older adults after receiving our interventional program, which included the use of a smartwatch with support from a community health workers, nurses, and social workers, including the challenges that they experienced while using the device, the perceived benefits, and strategies to promote their sustained use of the device.
METHODS: We used a qualitative descriptive approach in this study. Older adults who had taken part in an interventional study involving the use of smartwatches and who were receiving regular health and social support were invited to participate in focus group discussions at the end of the trial. Purposive sampling was used to recruit potential participants. Older adults who agreed to participate were assigned to focus groups based on their community. The focus group discussions were facilitated and moderated by 2 members of the research team. All discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used the constant comparison analytical approach to analyze the focus group data.
RESULTS: A total of 22 participants assigned to 6 focus groups participated in the study. The experiences of community-dwelling older adults emerged as (1) challenges associated with the use of WMDs, (2) the perceived benefits of using the WMDs, and (3) strategies to promote the use of WMDs. In addition, the findings also demonstrate a hierarchical pattern of health-seeking behaviors by older adults: seeking assistance first from older adult volunteers, then from social workers, and finally from nurses.
CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing use of the WMDs is potentially possible, but it is important to ensure the availability of technical support, maintain active professional follow-ups by nurses and social workers, and include older adult volunteers to support other older adults in such programs.

UNASSIGNED: With the rapid development of China\'s social work sector, the increasing job pressures, and risks of professional burnout among social workers have become more prevalent. This study examined the relationship between Chinese social workers\' attitudes toward evidence-based practice (EBP) and burnout, exploring the mediating mechanisms of evidence-based knowledge (EBK) and service quality perception (SQP).
UNASSIGNED: We applied PROCESS 4.2 macro in SPSS to analyze the data from 5,931 social workers, testing the sequential mediation effects of EBK and SQP between their attitudes toward EBP and burnout.
UNASSIGNED: The findings revealed: (1) Attitudes toward EBP had significant indirect positive effects on burnout; (2) EBK partially mediated the relationship between EBP attitude and burnout; (3) SQP partially mediated the relationship between attitudes toward EBP and burnout; (4) Attitudes toward EBP had a sequential mediated effect on burnout through EBK and SQP.
UNASSIGNED: The findings emphasize the need to implement targeted interventions and training programs to foster positive attitudes toward EBP, promote continuous professional development, and provide access to EBP resources. Moreover, nurturing EBK and SQP could help alleviate burnout by improving social workers\' ability to address client issues and enhance their sense of confidence and accomplishment.
UNASSIGNED: This study fills a research gap by providing empirical evidence on the negative correlation between Chinese social workers\' attitudes toward EBP and burnout, while demonstrating the mediating roles of EBK and SQP.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have explored facilitators and barriers to research conducted by allied health professionals in general medical settings. Since the mental health system is acknowledged to be significantly under-funded and more poorly functioning than general medical services, it is unclear whether the published facilitators and barriers also apply to mental health settings. This study sought to explore the research-related knowledge, understanding and practices of allied mental health clinicians based in a large public mental health service.
METHODS: A mixed methods study recruited 59 occupational therapists and social workers working in a dedicated metropolitan public mental health service in Melbourne, Australia. Quantitative survey results are reported elsewhere. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 survey responder volunteers. Thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative survey and interview data.
RESULTS: Four main themes were identified: research must connect with clinical practice; fragments of knowledge; research in practice; and research is not part of my professional identity. The third theme, research in practice, comprised four subthemes: no time for research in clinical roles, missing communication, lack of ownership, and what I need to do research.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that research and research-related activities were not considered part of the mental health social workers and occupational therapists\' professional identities. Dealing with this issue may be instrumental to the realization of these clinicians\' professional peak-body associations\' code of practice and to government mandated practice standards. We provided several strategies to encourage both clinicians and services to view research-related activities as an everyday part of clinical roles. This is especially important if we think of allied health evidence-based practice requiring a reasonable level of research-related skills and/or competencies to appraise, practice, evaluate and adapt their evidence-based practice.