银纳米粒子(AgNPs)具有众所周知的抗菌特性,刺激了其广泛的生产和使用,尽管如此,这同时也引起了人们对它们释放到环境中的担忧。了解AgNPs对生物系统的毒性,环境,并且每种银物种(Ag离子vsAgNPs)在该毒性中的作用受到了极大的关注。这项研究的关键目标之一是开发一种可靠的方法,该方法可以感测和区分AgNP中的游离银离子,并能够表征从纳米银中浸出的银离子。文献中描述的许多可用于感测银离子的分析方法是昂贵的,耗时,乏味,and,更重要的是,销毁AgNP样本。为了解决这些问题,使用已知用于检测游离银离子的磷光金(I)-吡唑类环状三核络合物(AuT)来检测和区分来自AgNP样品中的AgNP的银离子。所提出的银传感器的优点是其比率发射能力,可以破坏任何背景干扰。传感器表现出强烈的红色发射(λmax=~690纳米),在Ag+离子的存在下,将形成具有在475nm附近的蓝移峰最大值但红移激发峰的亮绿色发射加合物。AgNPs的存在不抑制磷光银传感器的银检测和定量能力。要了解纳米银的化学转化,通过测量传感器的I/Io变化来监测和量化在35天的时间段内银离子从AgNP的浸出。此外,通过加合物形成,AuT分子体系能够修复溶液中的游离银离子。在KCl盐的存在下,AuT络合物对“夹心”游离银离子的亲和力比AgNPs更强,KCl盐已被充分证明在银离子的存在下形成AgCl。据我们所知,这是唯一能够成功区分Ag+离子和AgNPs的基于比率发光的银传感器,感测AgNPs的银泄漏,并从水溶液中修复有毒的银离子。这种传感器的合成和表征是一个简单的,单步过程-预测其在各种应用中的可行性。
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have well-known antibacterial properties that have stimulated their widespread production and usage, which nonetheless concomitantly raises concerns regarding their release into the environment. Understanding the toxicity of AgNPs to biological systems, the environment, and the role that each silver species (Ag+ ions vs AgNPs) plays in that toxicity has received significant attention. One of the critical objectives of this research is the development of a reliable method that can sense and differentiate free silver ions from AgNPs and is able to characterize silver ions leaching from nanosilver. A number of analytical methods described in the literature that are available for sensing silver ions are costly, time consuming, tedious, and, more importantly, destroy the AgNP sample. To address these issues, a phosphorescent gold(I)-pyrazolate cyclic trinuclear complex (AuT) known to detect free silver ions was employed to detect and differentiate silver ions from AgNPs within an AgNP sample. The advantage of the proposed silver sensor is its ratiometric emission capability that undermines any background interference. The sensor exhibits a strong red emission (λmax = ∼690 nm) that, in the presence of Ag+ ions, will form a bright-green emissive adduct with a blue-shifted peak maximum near 475 nm yet red-shifted excitation peak. The presence of AgNPs did not inhibit the silver detection and quantification ability of the phosphorescent silver sensor. To understand the chemical transformation of nanosilver, the leaching of silver ions from AgNPs over a period of 35 days was monitored and quantified by measuring the I/ Io changes of the sensor. Furthermore, through adduct formation, the AuT molecular system was able to remediate free silver ions from the solution. The stronger affinity of the AuT complex to \"sandwich\" free silver ions than AgNPs was demonstrated in the presence of KCl salt that is well documented to form AgCl in the presence of silver ions. To our knowledge, this is the only ratiometric luminescence-based silver sensor able to successfully differentiate between Ag+ ions and AgNPs, sense the silver leakage from AgNPs, and remediate toxic silver ions from an aqueous solution. The synthesis and characterization of this sensor is a simple, single-step process-anticipating its viability for various applications.