系统获得性抗性(SAR)是植物物种中的一种诱导型抗病现象,为植物提供对初始感染部位以外的继发病原体感染的广谱抗性。在拟南芥中,SAR可以通过直接病原体感染或植物激素水杨酸(SA)治疗来触发,以及其类似物2,6-二氯异烟酸(INA)和苯并噻二唑(BTH)。发病相关蛋白基因1(NPR1)蛋白的SA受体非表达蛋白是控制SAR信号转导的关键调节因子。同样,在普通小麦(小麦)中,病原体感染或用SA类似物BTH治疗可以诱导对白粉病的广谱抗性,叶锈病,镰刀菌枯萎病,和其他疾病。然而,与模式植物拟南芥或水稻的SAR不同,小麦的SAR样反应表现出独特的特征和调控途径。模型病原体丁香假单胞菌pv诱导的获得性抗性(AR)。番茄菌株DC3000受NPR1调节,但其作用仅限于同一片叶子的相邻区域,而不是系统性的。另一方面,由透明黄单胞菌pv引发的全身免疫(SI)。谷物(Xtc)或丁香假单胞菌pv。粳稻(Psj)不受NPR1或SA控制,但与茉莉酸(JA)密切相关,脱落酸(ABA),和几个转录因子。此外,BTH诱导的电阻(BIR)部分取决于NPR1的激活,导致更广泛和更强大的植物防御反应。本文对小麦SAR的研究进展进行了系统综述,强调了NPR1在小麦SAR中的关键调节作用,并总结了发病相关蛋白(PR)基因在转基因小麦中增强广谱抗病性的潜力。该综述为进一步分析SAR的分子机制和遗传改良小麦广谱抗病性奠定了重要基础。
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible disease resistance phenomenon in plant species, providing plants with broad-spectrum resistance to secondary pathogen infections beyond the initial infection site. In Arabidopsis, SAR can be triggered by direct pathogen infection or treatment with the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), as well as its analogues 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH). The SA receptor non-expressor of pathogenesis-related protein gene 1 (
NPR1) protein serves as a key regulator in controlling SAR signaling transduction. Similarly, in common wheat (Triticum aestivum), pathogen infection or treatment with the SA analogue BTH can induce broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, Fusarium head blight, and other diseases. However, unlike SAR in the model plant Arabidopsis or rice, SAR-like responses in wheat exhibit unique features and regulatory pathways. The acquired resistance (AR) induced by the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 is regulated by
NPR1, but its effects are limited to the adjacent region of the same leaf and not systemic. On the other hand, the systemic immunity (SI) triggered by Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (Xtc) or Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica (Psj) is not controlled by
NPR1 or SA, but rather closely associated with jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and several transcription factors. Furthermore, the BTH-induced resistance (BIR) partially depends on
NPR1 activation, leading to a broader and stronger plant defense response. This paper provides a systematic review of the research progress on SAR in wheat, emphasizes the key regulatory role of
NPR1 in wheat SAR, and summarizes the potential of pathogenesis-related protein (PR) genes in genetically modifying wheat to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance. This review lays an important foundation for further analyzing the molecular mechanism of SAR and genetically improving broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat.