Recent image classification efforts have achieved certain success by incorporating prior information such as labels and logical rules to learn discriminative features. However, these methods overlook the variability of features, resulting in feature inconsistency and fluctuations in model parameter updates, which further contribute to decreased image classification accuracy and model instability. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel method combining structural prior-driven feature extraction with gradient-momentum (SPGM), from the perspectives of consistent feature learning and precise parameter updates, to enhance the accuracy and stability of image classification. Specifically, SPGM leverages a structural prior-driven feature extraction (SPFE) approach to calculate gradients of multi-level features and original images to construct structural information, which is then transformed into prior knowledge to drive the network to learn features consistent with the original images. Additionally, an optimization strategy integrating gradients and momentum (GMO) is introduced, dynamically adjusting the direction and step size of parameter updates based on the angle and norm of the sum of gradients and momentum, enabling precise model parameter updates. Extensive experiments on CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 datasets demonstrate that the SPGM method significantly reduces the top-1 error rate in image classification, enhances the classification performance, and outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Noisy labels hurt deep learning-based supervised image classification performance as the models may overfit the noise and learn corrupted feature extractors. For natural image classification training with noisy labeled data, model initialization with contrastive self-supervised pretrained weights has shown to reduce feature corruption and improve classification performance. However, no works have explored: i) how other self-supervised approaches, such as pretext task-based pretraining, impact the learning with noisy label, and ii) any self-supervised pretraining methods alone for medical images in noisy label settings. Medical images often feature smaller datasets and subtle inter-class variations, requiring human expertise to ensure correct classification. Thus, it is not clear if the methods improving learning with noisy labels in natural image datasets such as CIFAR would also help with medical images. In this work, we explore contrastive and pretext task-based selfsupervised pretraining to initialize the weights of a deep learning classification model for two medical datasets with self-induced noisy labels-NCT-CRC-HE-100K tissue histological images and COVID-QU-Ex chest X-ray images. Our results show that models initialized with pretrained weights obtained from self-supervised learning can effectively learn better features and improve robustness against noisy labels.

Semantic segmentation of target objects in power transmission line corridor point cloud scenes is a crucial step in powerline tree barrier detection. The massive quantity, disordered distribution, and non-uniformity of point clouds in power transmission line corridor scenes pose significant challenges for feature extraction. Previous studies have often overlooked the core utilization of spatial information, limiting the network\'s ability to understand complex geometric shapes. To overcome this limitation, this paper focuses on enhancing the deep expression of spatial geometric information in segmentation networks and proposes a method called BDF-Net to improve RandLA-Net. For each input 3D point cloud data, BDF-Net first encodes the relative coordinates and relative distance information into spatial geometric feature representations through the Spatial Information Encoding block to capture the local spatial structure of the point cloud data. Subsequently, the Bilinear Pooling block effectively combines the feature information of the point cloud with the spatial geometric representation by leveraging its bilinear interaction capability thus learning more discriminative local feature descriptors. The Global Feature Extraction block captures the global structure information in the point cloud data by using the ratio between the point position and the relative position, so as to enhance the semantic understanding ability of the network. In order to verify the performance of BDF-Net, this paper constructs a dataset, PPCD, for the point cloud scenario of transmission line corridors and conducts detailed experiments on it. The experimental results show that BDF-Net achieves significant performance improvements in various evaluation metrics, specifically achieving an OA of 97.16%, a mIoU of 77.48%, and a mAcc of 87.6%, which are 3.03%, 16.23%, and 18.44% higher than RandLA-Net, respectively. Moreover, comparisons with other state-of-the-art methods also verify the superiority of BDF-Net in point cloud semantic segmentation tasks.

For industry image data, this paper proposes an image classification method based on stochastic configuration networks and multi-scale feature extraction. The multi-scale features are extracted from images of different scales using deep 2DSCN, and the hidden features of multiple layers are also connected together to obtain more informational features. The integrated features are fed into SCNs to learn a classifier which improves the recognition rate for different categories. In the experiments, a handwritten digit database and an industry hot-rolled steel strip database are used, and the comparison results demonstrate the proposed method can effectively improve the classification accuracy.

In the grain industry, identifying seed purity is a crucial task because it is an important factor in evaluating seed quality. For rice seeds, this attribute enables the minimization of unexpected influences of other varieties on rice yield, nutrient composition, and price. However, in practice, they are often mixed with seeds from other varieties. This study proposes a novel method for automatically identifying the purity of a specific rice variety using hybrid machine learning algorithms. The core concept involves leveraging deep learning architectures to extract pertinent features from raw data, followed by the application of machine learning algorithms for classification. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed model through practical implementation. The results demonstrate that the novel method substantially outperformed the existing methods, demonstrating the potential for effective rice seed purity identification systems.

In this paper, a new approach has been introduced for classifying the music genres. The proposed approach involves transforming an audio signal into a unified representation known as a sound spectrum, from which texture features have been extracted using an enhanced Rigdelet Neural Network (RNN). Additionally, the RNN has been optimized using an improved version of the partial reinforcement effect optimizer (IPREO) that effectively avoids local optima and enhances the RNN\'s generalization capability. The GTZAN dataset has been utilized in experiments to assess the effectiveness of the proposed RNN/IPREO model for music genre classification. The results show an impressive accuracy of 92 % by incorporating a combination of spectral centroid, Mel-spectrogram, and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) as features. This performance significantly outperformed K-Means (58 %) and Support Vector Machines (up to 68 %). Furthermore, the RNN/IPREO model outshined various deep learning architectures such as Neural Networks (65 %), RNNs (84 %), CNNs (88 %), DNNs (86 %), VGG-16 (91 %), and ResNet-50 (90 %). It is worth noting that the RNN/IPREO model was able to achieve comparable results to well-known deep models like VGG-16, ResNet-50, and RNN-LSTM, sometimes even surpassing their scores. This highlights the strength of its hybrid CNN-Bi-directional RNN design in conjunction with the IPREO parameter optimization algorithm for extracting intricate and sequential auditory data.

A priority for machine learning in healthcare and other high stakes applications is to enable end-users to easily interpret individual predictions. This opinion piece outlines recent developments in interpretable classifiers and methods to open black box models.

Deep learning has emerged as a robust tool for automating feature extraction from three-dimensional images, offering an efficient alternative to labour-intensive and potentially biased manual image segmentation methods. However, there has been limited exploration into the optimal training set sizes, including assessing whether artficial expansion by data augmentation can achieve consistent results in less time and how consistent these benefits are across different types of traits. In this study, we manually segmented 50 planktonic foraminifera specimens from the genus Menardella to determine the minimum number of training images required to produce accurate volumetric and shape data from internal and external structures. The results reveal unsurprisingly that deep learning models improve with a larger number of training images with eight specimens being required to achieve 95% accuracy. Furthermore, data augmentation can enhance network accuracy by up to 8.0%. Notably, predicting both volumetric and shape measurements for the internal structure poses a greater challenge compared with the external structure, owing to low contrast differences between different materials and increased geometric complexity. These results provide novel insight into optimal training set sizes for precise image segmentation of diverse traits and highlight the potential of data augmentation for enhancing multivariate feature extraction from three-dimensional images.

Plant diseases can spread rapidly, leading to significant crop losses if not detected early. By accurately identifying diseased plants, farmers can target treatment only to the affected areas, reducing the number of pesticides or fungicides needed and minimizing environmental impact. Tomatoes are among the most significant and extensively consumed crops worldwide. The main factor affecting crop yield quantity and quality is leaf disease. Various diseases can affect tomato production, impacting both yield and quality. Automated classification of leaf images allows for the early identification of diseased plants, enabling prompt intervention and control measures. Many creative approaches to diagnosing and categorizing specific illnesses have been widely employed. The manual method is costly and labor-intensive. Without the assistance of an agricultural specialist, disease detection can be facilitated by image processing combined with machine learning algorithms. In this study, the diseases in tomato leaves will be detected using new feature extraction method using conformable polynomials image features for accurate solution and faster detection of plant diseases through a machine learning model. The methodology of this study based on:•Preprocessing, feature extraction, dimension reduction and classification modules.•Conformable polynomials method is used to extract the texture features which is passed classifier.•The proposed texture feature is constructed by two parts the enhanced based term, and the texture detail part for textual analysis.•The tomato leaf samples from the plant village image dataset were used to gather the data for this model. The disease detected are 98.80 % accurate for tomato leaf images using SVM classifier. In addition to lowering financial loss, the suggested feature extraction method can help manage plant diseases effectively, improving crop yield and food security.

The identification of anticancer peptides (ACPs) is crucial, especially in the development of peptide-based cancer therapy. The classical models such as Split Amino Acid Composition (SAAC) and Pseudo Amino Acid Composition (PseAAC) lack the incorporation of feature representation. These advancements improve the predictive accuracy and efficiency of ACP identification. Thus, the effort of this research is to propose and develop an advanced framework based on feature extraction. Thus, to achieve this objective herein we propose an Extended Dipeptide Composition (EDPC) framework. The proposed EDPC framework extends the dipeptide composition by considering the local sequence environment information and reforming the CD-HIT framework to remove noise and redundancy. To measure the accuracy, we have performed several experiments. These experiments were employed using four famous machine learning (ML) algorithms named; Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and K Nearest Neighbor (KNN). For comparisons, we have used accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, recall, and F1-Score as evaluation criteria. The reliability of the proposed framework is further evaluated using statistical significance tests. As a result, the proposed EDPC framework exhibited enhanced performance than SAAC and PseAAC, where the SVM model delivered the highest accuracy of 96. 6% and significant enhancements in specificity, sensitivity, precision, and F1-score over multiple datasets. Due to the incorporation of enhanced feature representation and the incorporation of local and global sequence profiles proposed EDPC achieves higher classification performance. The proposed frameworks can deal with noise and also duplicating features. These are accompanied by a wide range of feature representations. Finally, our proposed framework can be used for clinical applications where ACP identification is essential. Future works will include extending to a larger variety of datasets, incorporating tertiary structural information, and using deep learning techniques to improve the proposed EDPC.