Chronic arterial insufficiency of lower limbs (CAILL) is a common cardiovascular disease that affects 200 million subjects worldwide: from 4 to 12% of people aged 55-70 years and 20% - over 70 years. The cause of blood circulation disorder in this disease is usually a complex of pathological changes including abnormality of vessel walls\' anatomical structure or integrity, disorder of blood rheological properties and alterations of its thrombotic potential. Thus, the therapy of patients with CAILL aiming at hemostasis and, in particular, platelets\' aggregation is one of the most urgent problems of medicine.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of blue range visible radiation combined with basic therapy to improve hemostasis in patients with CAILL.
METHODS: The number of male patients with CAILL equal 63 aged 43-57 years was examined. Blood flow parameters on a fixed part of femoral artery outside the occlusion area were registered based on subjective criteria, number of painless steps and ultrasound doppler flowmetry according to the Fontaine-Pokrovsky classification. The second degree of ischemia was diagnosed in 38 patients, the third degree - in 25 patients. All patients received basic pharmacotherapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups by simple randomization method: control group included 18 patients with II degree of ischemia and 12 patients with III degree of ischemia who received basic pharmacotherapy combined with photohemotherapy (PHT). A set of commonly used laboratory methods for examination of blood coagulation system was applied to assess the effectiveness of PHT. The number of apparently healthy people equal 26 was examined to evaluate normal value of hemostasiological parameters.
RESULTS: Basic pharmacological treatment had a certain positive effect on studied hemostasis parameters and its thrombotic component. However, they did not differ statistically significantly from similar parameters before treatment on the 14th day after treatment. As a result of comprehensive therapy the changes in hemostasis system had identical and statistically significant in percentage terms changes compared to norm and baseline in patients\' subgroups of study group with II and III degrees of ischemia. In addition, most hemostasis parameters in patients with II degree of ischemia were close to those of apparently healthy volunteers. Hemostasis parameters in patients with III degree of ischemia decreased to the levels of patients with II degree of ischemia before treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of basic pharmacological therapy with optical exposure to blood by blue light allows to correct hemostasis and its thrombotic component in patients with CAILL.
Хроническая артериальная недостаточность нижних конечностей (ХАННК) — весьма распространенное заболевание сердечно-сосудистой системы, от которого страдает 200 млн человек во всем мире: от 4 до 12% человек в возрасте от 55 до 70 лет и 20% — старше 70 лет. Причиной нарушения кровообращения при этом заболевании, как правило, является комплекс патологических изменений, включающих нарушение анатомической структуры или целостности сосудистой стенки, расстройства реологических свойств крови и изменение ее тромботического потенциала. Таким образом, терапия больных с ХАННК, направленная на коррекцию гемостаза и, в частности, на агрегацию тромбоцитов, представляет собой одну из актуальнейших проблем медицины.
UNASSIGNED: Изучение эффективности применения оптического излучения синего диапазона в сочетании с базисной терапией для улучшения системы гемостаза у больных с ХАННК.
UNASSIGNED: Обследованы 63 пациента мужского пола в возрасте от 43 до 57 лет с ХАННК. В соответствии с классификацией Фонтейна—Покровского, на основании субъективных критериев, числа безболевых шагов и ультразвуковой флоуметрии регистрировали параметры кровообращения на фиксированном участке бедренной артерии вне зоны окклюзии. У 38 больных была диагностирована ишемия II степени, у 25 больных — III степени. Все больные получали базисную фармакотерапию. Методом простой рандомизации пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: контрольная группа включала 18 пациентов со II степенью ишемии и 12 больных с III степенью ишемии, которые получали базисную фармакотерапию; основная группа включала 20 пациентов со II степенью ишемии и 13 больных с III степенью ишемии, которые получали базисную фармакотерапию в сочетании с фотогемотерапией (ФГТ). Для оценки эффективности ФГТ использовали комплекс общепринятых лабораторных методов исследования свертывающей системы крови. Для оценки нормальных значений гемостазиологических параметров были обследованы 26 практически здоровых добровольцев.
UNASSIGNED: Базисное медикаментозное лечение оказывало определенное положительное воздействие на исследуемые параметры гемостаза и его тромбоцитарное звено. Однако на 14-е сутки после проведенной терапии они статистически достоверно не отличались от аналогичных параметров до лечения. В результате комплексной терапии изменения в системе гемостаза в подгруппах больных основной группы со II и III степенью ишемии имели схожие и статистически достоверные в процентном выражении изменения относительно нормы и исходного состояния. При этом у больных со II степенью ишемии большинство параметров системы гемостаза приблизились к показателям практически здоровых добровольцев. У больных с III степенью ишемии параметры системы гемостаза снизились лишь до уровня больных со II степенью ишемии до лечения.
UNASSIGNED: Использование базисной медикаментозной терапии с оптическим воздействием на кровь синим светом позволяет проводить коррекцию гемостаза и его тромбоцитарного звена у больных с ХАННК.

Photodynamic inactivation is an emerging antimicrobial treatment that can be enhanced by employing exogenous photosensitizers to eradicate foodborne pathogens. This study investigated a novel combinatory strategy to eradicate Listeria monocytogenes using blackthorn fruit peel (BFP) and blue light (BL). Extracts of BFP were characterized in terms of polyphenolic content, individual constituents, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were both found to be determinants of antimicrobial activity. It was further speculated that flavonols, predominantly quercetin and rutin, were responsible for the activity of BFP against L. monocytogenes. A combination of BFP and BL resulted in a rapid inactivation of the pathogen by up to 4 log CFU/mL at 58.5 J/cm2, corresponding to 15 min BL illumination. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the bacterial cells lost activity and suffered extensive membrane damage, exceeding 90% of the population. After photosensitizing L. monocytogenes with the BFP constituents quercetin and rutin, a 1.3-log reduction was observed. When applied together, these compounds could inflict the same damaging effect on cells as they did individually when effects were added. Therefore, the results indicate that BFP represents a natural source of (pro-)photosensitizers, which act additively to create inactivation effects. This study may help identify more effective plant-based photosensitizers to control L. monocytogenes in food-related applications.

Blue light, a high-energy radiation in the visible light spectrum, was recently reported to induce skin pigmentation. In this study, we investigated the involvement of TRPV1-mediated signaling along with OPN3 in blue light-induced melanogenesis, as well as its signaling pathway. Operating downstream target of OPN3 in blue light-induced melanogenesis, blue light activated TRPV1 and upregulated its expression, resulting in calcium influx. [Ca2+] induced activation of CaMKII and MAPK. It also downregulated clusterin expression, leading to the nuclear translocation of PAX3, ultimately affecting melanin synthesis. In addition, blue light interfered with autophagy-mediated regulation of melanosomes by decreasing not only the interaction between CLU and LC3B but the expression of ATF family. These findings demonstrate that the pigmenting effects of blue light are mediated by CaMKII- and MAPK-mediated signaling, as well as CLU-dependent inhibition of autophagy through OPN3-TRPV1-calcium influx, suggesting a new signaling pathway by which blue light regulates melanocyte biology. Furthermore, these results suggest that TRPV1 and CLU could be potential therapeutic targets for blue light-induced pigmentation due to prolonged exposure to blue light.

OBJECTIVE: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent genital infection in women of reproductive age and requires effective non-drug therapies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of blue light emitting diode (LED) therapy as an alternative treatment for recurrent VVC due to its proven antimicrobial properties. The safety and non-invasiveness of LED therapy make it a promising option for sensitive tissue applications.
METHODS: This randomized controlled trial recruited 60 women with culture-confirmed VVC. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A (control group) received standard antifungal treatment with Gynoconazol 0.8% vaginal cream for three consecutive nights (n = 30). Group B (study group) received the same antifungal treatment plus two 60-min sessions of blue LED therapy directed at the vagina and vulva, with the sessions separated by two days (n = 30). Candida count (via CHROMagar™ Candida) and vaginal pH (via AD110-AD111 m) were assessed at baseline and one week after initiating treatment.
RESULTS: Post-treatment, group (B) demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in Candida count compared to group (A) (mean difference (MD) 8.267; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 6.723-9.811; p = 0.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in vaginal pH between the groups (MD -0.03; 95% CI -0.244-0.178; p = 0.749).
CONCLUSIONS: Blue LED therapy effectively reduces Candida count in women with recurrent VVC without adversely affecting the vaginal pH, highlighting its safety and efficacy as a treatment modality.

Photobiomodulation therapy, as an emerging treatment modality, has been widely used in dentistry. However, reports on blue light therapy for oral cancer are scarce. This study investigated the effects of 457 and 475 nm LED irradiation on SCC-25 cells and explored the potential mechanisms underlying the impact of blue light. Both wavelengths were found to inhibit cell viability, induce oxidative stress, and cause cell cycle arrest without leading to cell death. Notably, the inhibitory effect of 457 nm blue light on cell proliferation was more sustained. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms, revealing that blue light induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in SCC-25 cells, with 457 nm light showing a more pronounced effect. Moreover, 457 nm blue light upregulated the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, indicating potential therapeutic prospects for the combined use of blue light and pharmacological agents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid (diHEP-DPA) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell damage. ARPE-19 cells, a human RPE cell line, were cultured with diHEP-DPA and Bis-retinoid N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E), followed by exposure to BL. Cell viability and cell death rates were determined. Western blotting was performed to determine changes in apoptotic factors, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family proteins, inflammatory proteins, and oxidative and carbonyl stresses. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the culture medium supernatants were also measured. Exposure to A2E and BL increased the ARPE-19 cell death rate, which was alleviated by diHEP-DPA in a concentration-dependent manner. A2E and BL treatments induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells, which was also alleviated by diHEP-DPA. Analysis of the relationship with MAPK proteins revealed that the expression of p-JNK and p-P38 increased after A2E and BL treatments and decreased with exposure to diHEP-DPA in a concentration-dependent manner. DiHEP-DPA also affected the inflammatory response by suppressing the expression of inflammatory proteins and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it was shown that diHEP-DPA regulated the proteins related to oxidative and carbonyl stresses. Taken together, our results provide evidence that diHEP-DPA can inhibit cell damage caused by A2E and BL exposure at the cellular level by controlling various pathways involved in apoptosis and inflammatory responses.

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet-free (UV-free) blue light phototherapy has emerged as a promising option due to its reported efficacy and minimal adverse effects. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of full-body blue light irradiation in both adult and pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), assessing its impact on skin condition and mood regulation by investigating serum concentrations of serotonin and kynurenine pathway metabolites.
METHODS: 20 patients (age 9-45) with moderate and severe AD were included in the study. Treatment consisted of 10 irradiations with Full Body Blue device (453 nm). Serum concentrations of serotonin, quinolinic acid, kynurenic acid, tryptophan, and kynurenine were measured before and after irradiations.
RESULTS: After 10 sessions of full blue light therapy (453 nm) statistically significant improvements were observed in Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI 13.16 vs. 8.65; p = 0.00016), SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD 44.99 vs. 23.73; p < 0.00001), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS 6.53 vs. 3.95; p = 0.00251), 10-item pruritus severity scale (13.32 vs. 7.05; p < 0.00001). Moreover, statistically significant decrease in Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was noted (14.37 vs. 7.42; p = 0.00351). Additionally, increase in the serum concentration of serotonin was observed after completing 10 irradiation sessions (median 139.77 mg/ml vs. 274.92 mg/ml; p < 0.00001).
CONCLUSIONS: Blue light may be a promising and safe treatment in patients with AD. It might also positively influence mood. Further investigations are needed to confirm those findings.
BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT06516783.

Aims: To evaluate hydroxyapatite-silver (HA-Ag) hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), as an antibacterial agent when integrated in self-etch (SE) adhesive. Blue light activated HA-Ag hybrid NP incorporation on mechanical properties, degree of conversion (DC), and microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Method: Eighty primary molar teeth have carious lesions reaching the dentin but not involving the pulp. The infected dentin was removed and carious-affected dentin (CAD) was preserved. Forty samples were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. All primary teeth (n = 80) were allocated into four groups based on the incorporation of HA-Ag hybrid NPs in different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%). Group 1: 0% HA-Ag hybrid NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, group 2: 1% HA-Ag hybrid NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, group 3: 5 wt% HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, and group 4: 10 wt% HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer. The survival rate assessment of S. mutans was conducted on 40 inoculated samples. On the remaining primary teeth (n = 40), Clearfil SE bonding agent was applied uniformly via a blue light source. The composite buildup was performed on the samples and μTBS and failure analysis assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to assess DC. Survival rates of S. mutans and μTBS among the tested groups were compared using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis. Results: 10 wt % HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer exhibited the highest level of antibacterial efficacy (0.14 ± 0.02 CFU/mL) against S. mutans. The highest μTBS (18.38 ± 0.78 MPa) at the composite/CAD interface was in group 2 (1 wt % HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer + Clearfil SE bonding agent + activation with a blue light source). The highest DC was observed in the control group with Clearfil SE bond primer + Clearfil SE bonding agent + activation with a blue light source. Conclusion: 1 wt% HA-Ag hybrid NPs showed enhanced antibacterial effectiveness, DC, and bond strength of the SE adhesive to the primary CAD.

In this study, arrays of μLEDs in four different sizes (5 × 5 μm2, 10 × 10 μm2, 25 × 25 μm2, 50 × 50 μm2) were fabricated using a flip-chip bonding process. Two passivation processes were investigated with one involving a single layer of SiO2 deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and the other incorporating Al2O3 deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) beneath the SiO2 layer. Owing to superior coverage and protection, the double-layers passivation process resulted in a three-order lower leakage current of μLEDs in the 5 μm chip-sized μLED arrays. Furthermore, higher light output power of μLEDs was observed in each chip-sized μLED array with double layers passivation. Particularly, the highest EQE value 21.9% of μLEDs array with 5 μm × 5 μm chip size was achieved with the double-layers passivation. The EQE value of μLEDs array was improved by 4.4 times by introducing the double-layers passivation as compared with that of μLEDs array with single layer passivation. Finally, more uniform light emission patterns were observed in the μLEDs with 5 μm × 5 μm chip size fabricated by double-layer passivation process using ImageJ software.

Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of betahistine mesylate in treating vertigo and angioneurotic headache, enhancing microcirculation, and facilitating histamine release. However, limited research has been conducted on the drug\'s potential in mitigating blue light-induced damage. Thus, this study utilized Drosophila as the model organism and employed the Siler model to investigate the impact of various concentrations of betahistine mesylate on the lifespan, under 3000 lx blue light irradiation. At the same time we measure food intake, spontaneous activity, and sleep duration of Drosophila. The findings of this study indicate that a high concentration of betahistine mesylate can decrease the initial mortality (b0) in male flies, mitigating the damage of blue light to Drosophila. Consequently, this delays the aging process in male Drosophila and extends their average lifespan. After betahistine mesylate ingestion, locomotor activity upon blue light exposure decreased significantly in male Drosophila. In conclusion, this study offers initial evidence supporting the investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of betahistine mesylate on lifespan and its potential anti-blue light effects.