背景心血管疾病(CVDs),包括冠状动脉疾病,心脏病发作,笔画,和高血压,是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。尽管诊断技术有了进步,治疗方案,和公共卫生倡议,CVD的患病率持续上升.因此,了解心血管疾病诱发因素的趋势和当前的治疗方式,如药物使用和住院频率,对于制定有效的干预措施和改善公共卫生策略至关重要.这项研究利用行为危险因素监测系统(BRFSS)数据来分析18岁以上成年人的这些趋势。方法数据来源于BRFSS数据库,分析2019年至2021年的CVD模式。这项研究包括高胆固醇或高血压的成年人,冠心病,中风,和心力衰竭。数据分析利用年龄调整后的患病率,死亡率,和住院率。结果对BRFSS数据的分析揭示了2019年至2021年CVD模式的几个关键趋势。服用高胆固醇药物的成年人的年龄调整患病率有统计学上的显着增加(p<0.05),从28.9%上升到31%,为了控制高血压,从57.7%上升到60.4%。从2019年到2021年,冠心病死亡率从360,900增加到382,820,而中风死亡人数从150,005增加到162,890。趋势显示,尽管几年来缺少数据,但这两种情况的死亡率都在上升。冠心病和中风的死亡率也上升,并且具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。冠心病死亡率从88例增加到92.8例/100,000,卒中死亡率从37例增加到41.1例/100,000。65岁及以上的医疗保险受益人的心力衰竭住院率在2020年最初下降,这可能是由于COVID-19大流行影响了住院,但随着寻求医疗保健行为的正常化,2021年再次上升。观察到显著的性别和种族差异,男性(每100,000人中有127.4人)和黑人的死亡率较高,非西班牙裔个人(每100,000人中有110.5人)。结论这项研究强调了18岁以上成年人中胆固醇和血压的药物使用增加。然而,冠心病和中风的死亡率仍然存在。观察到药物使用和死亡率的显着性别和种族差异。这些发现强调了有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的必要性,以提高药物依从性和解决健康的社会决定因素。减少心血管疾病负担并增强不同人群的健康公平性。
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, heart attacks, strokes, and hypertension, are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and public health initiatives, the prevalence of CVD continues to rise. Hence, understanding trends of predisposing factors for CVD and current treatment modalities such as medication use and frequency of hospitalization is essential for developing effective interventions and improving public health strategies. This study leverages Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to analyze these trends among
adults older than 18 years. Methods Data were sourced from the BRFSS database, analyzing CVD patterns from 2019 to 2021. The study included
adults with high cholesterol or blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Data analysis utilized age-adjusted prevalence, mortality, and hospitalization rates. Results The analysis of the BRFSS data revealed several key trends in CVD patterns from 2019 to 2021. There was a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the age-adjusted prevalence of
adults taking medication for high cholesterol, rising from 28.9% to 31%, and for controlling high blood pressure, increasing from 57.7% to 60.4%. From 2019 to 2021, coronary heart disease mortality increased from 360,900 to 382,820, while stroke deaths rose from 150,005 to 162,890. Trends show rising mortality for both conditions despite missing data for some years. Mortality rates for coronary heart disease and stroke also rose and were statistically significant (p<0.05), with coronary heart disease mortality increasing from 88 to 92.8 cases per 100,000, and stroke mortality from 37 to 41.1 cases per 100,000. Hospitalization rates for heart failure among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older initially decreased in 2020, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic impacting hospital admissions, but rose again in 2021 as healthcare-seeking behaviors normalized. Significant gender and racial disparities were observed, with higher mortality rates among males (127.4 per 100,000) and Black, non-Hispanic individuals (110.5 per 100,000). Conclusions This study highlights the increasing medication use for cholesterol and blood pressure among
adults older than 18 years, yet mortality rates for coronary heart disease and stroke persist. Significant gender and racial disparities in medication use and mortality rates were observed. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health intervention towards improving medication adherence and addressing social determinants of health, to reduce CVD burden and enhance health equity across diverse populations.