这项研究旨在确定邻近生产田的动物养殖场中不同的环境微生物群,并了解其潜在的流动模式。冬季从16个地点收集了土壤和水样,spring,夏天,和秋天的季节。此外,高分辨率数字高程模型有助于创建流网络,以了解微生物组的潜在流动.对16SrRNA基因的宏基因组分析显示,四个季节的土壤和水样具有不同的微生物组特征。操作分类单位(OTU)的系统发育关系最多相隔0.6Bray-Curtis距离。同样,主成分分析(P=0.001)显示了土壤和水微生物群在不同位置和季节的聚集。变形杆菌的相对丰度,拟杆菌,和Firmicutes在水样中的含量高于土壤样品。相比之下,与水样相比,土壤中放线菌和氯氟菌的相对丰度更高。夏季的土壤样品和春季的水样中,拟杆菌和厚壁菌的丰度最高,分别。在水样中发现了独特的微生物群落结构,与增加丰富的氢氧和Solirubrobacter。在季节和土壤或水样中,以1%的错误发现率(FDR)显着丰富的属,包括诺卡诺德,Gemmatatimonas,JG30-KF-CM45,Massilia,盖勒莱斯,鞘氨醇单胞菌,KD4-96,芽孢杆菌,链霉菌,盖埃拉,和双子科。病原属的相对丰度,包括分枝杆菌,拟杆菌,诺卡氏菌,梭菌属,和棒状杆菌,受季节和环境类型的影响显著(1%FDR)。基于海拔的流网络模型表明了从动物农场到农产品田的微生物群的潜在流动。
This study aimed to identify different environmental microbiota in animal farms adjacent to produce fields and to understand their potential flow pattern. Soil and water samples were collected from 16 locations during the winter, spring, summer, and fall seasons. In addition, a high-resolution digital elevation model helped to create a stream network to understand the potential flow of the microbiome. Metagenomic analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene revealed that soil and water samples from the four seasons harbor diverse microbiome profiles. The phylogenetic relationship of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is separated by a maximum of 0.6 Bray-Curtis distance. Similarly, the Principal Component Analysis (P = 0.001) demonstrated the soil and water microbiome clustering across different locations and seasons. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes was higher in the water samples than in the soil samples. In contrast, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi was higher in the soil compared to the water samples. Soil samples in summer and water samples in spring had the highest abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, respectively. A unique microbial community structure was found in water samples, with an increased abundance of Hydrogenophaga and Solirubrobacter. Genera that were significantly abundant at a 1% false discovery rate (FDR) among seasons and soil or water samples, include Nocardioides, Gemmatimonas, JG30-KF-CM45, Massilia, Gaiellales, Sphingomonas, KD4-96, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Gaiella, and Gemmatimonadaceae. The relative abundance of pathogenic genera, including Mycobacterium, Bacteroides, Nocardia, Clostridium, and Corynebacterium, were significantly (at 1% FDR) affected by seasons and environmental type. The elevation-based stream network model suggests the potential flow of microbiomes from the animal farm to the produce fields.