{Reference Type}: Journal Article {Title}: Ethical issues in radiation protection. {Author}: Shrader-Frechette K;Persson L; {Journal}: Health Phys {Volume}: 73 {Issue}: 2 {Year}: Aug 1997 {Factor}: 2.922 {DOI}: 10.1097/00004032-199708000-00011 {Abstract}: In this note the authors survey existing international radiation-protection recommendations of the ICRP, the IAEA, and the ILO. After outlining previous work on the ethics of radiation protection and risk assessment/management, the authors review ethical thinking on five key issues related to radiation protection and ethics. They formulate each of these five issues in terms of alternative ethical stances: (1) Equity vs. Efficiency, (2) Health vs. Economics, (3) Individual Rights vs. Societal Benefits, (4) Due Process vs. Necessary Sacrifice, and (5) Stakeholder Consent vs. Management Decisions.