{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: NDRG1 enhances the sensitivity to Cetuximab by promoting Stat1 ubiquitylation in colorectal cancer.
{Author}: Yang G;Ding C;Yang X;Jiang J;He S;Shao Y;Zhang E;Fan X;Zhou X;Huang L;Xinyu Zhang C;Sun J;Wang Y;Zang L;Zheng M;Ma J;
{Journal}: J Adv Res
{Volume}: 0
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: 2024 Aug 9
{Factor}: 12.822
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.035
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Cetuximab (CTX) is an effective targeted drug for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, but it is effective only in patients with wild-type KRAS genes. Even in this subset of patients, the sensitivity of CTX in patients with right hemi-colon cancer is much lower than that in patients with left hemi-colon cancer. This significantly limits its clinical application. Therefore, further elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms is needed. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) plays an important role in solid tumor invasion and metastasis, but whether it can influence CTX sensitivity has not been thoroughly investigated.<BR><B>OBJECTIVE: </B>Our study aimed to identify a novel mechanism by which NDRG1 affects CTX sensitivity.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Through mass spectrometry analysis of our previously constructed CTX-resistant RKO and HCT116 cells, we found that the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (Stat1) might be a potential target of NDRG1. By knocking out NDRG1 or/and Stat1 genes, we then applied the loss-of-function experiments to explore the regulatory relationship between NDRG1 and Stat1 and their roles in the cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the sensitivity to CTX in these two colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Finally, we used the nude-mouse transplanted tumor model and human CRC samples to verify the expression of NDRG1 and Stat1 and their impact on CTX sensitivity in vivo.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Stat1 was upregulated in CTX-resistant cells, whereas NDRG1 was downregulated. Mechanically, NDRG1 was inversely correlated with Stat1 expression. It suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting Stat1. In addition, NDRG1 directly interacted with Stat1 and promoted Smurf1-induced Stat1 ubiquitination. Importantly, this novel NDRG1-dependent regulatory loop also enhanced CTX sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Our study revealed that NDRG1 enhanced the sensitivity to Cetuximab by inhibiting Stat1 expression and promoting its ubiquitination in colorectal cancer, elucidating NDRG1 might be a potential therapeutic target for refractory CTX-resistant CRC tumors. But its clinical value still needs to be validated in a larger sample size as well as a different genetic background.