{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: An anatomical study of the nasal foramina.
{Author}: Chaiyamoon A;Boontem P;Samrid R;Cardona JJ;Khanthiyong B;Yurasakpong L;Iwanaga J;Tubbs RS;
{Journal}: Surg Radiol Anat
{Volume}: 46
{Issue}: 9
{Year}: 2024 Sep 29
{Factor}: 1.354
{DOI}: 10.1007/s00276-024-03414-w
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>The nasal foramen is located in the nasal bone and for vessels passage to supply the nasal area. This project aimed to establish reliable references for the nasal foramina for future clinical applications.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>The 72 dried skulls, 46 from the Division of Anatomy, University of Phayao, Thailand, and 26 from the Tulane University School of Medicine, USA, were collected and examined. The location, number, and sizes of nasal foramina were noted. The distances from each nasal foramen to the internasal suture, frontonasal suture, nasomaxillary suture, nasion, and rhinion were also recorded and used in the statistical analytical programs.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>The most common type of nasal foramen in all skulls was type II (one external opening) at 65.97%, followed by type I (no foramen opening) at 20.83%, type III (two external openings) at 11.11% and type IV at 2.08% (three external openings). Nasal foramen subtypes in many of the Thai and American skulls were type IIb and type IIa. The diameter of a connecting nasal foramen was significantly larger than that of a non-connecting. Results from embalmed confirmed the passage of the external nasal artery through the nasal cavity.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>The study shows no significant difference in nasal foramen morphometry between Thai and American. It illustrates recent data on type and subtype classifications and the location of a vascular passage through the nasal foramen. This is the first study of NF variations and their respective classifications.