{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Standardization of Anti-Xa Assay and its Comparison with Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time for Monitoring Unfractionated Heparin Therapy.
{Author}: Thalappil V;Anand J;Keepanasseril A;Kar R;
{Journal}: Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus
{Volume}: 40
{Issue}: 3
{Year}: 2024 Jul
{Factor}: 0.915
{DOI}: 10.1007/s12288-023-01718-2
{Abstract}: Monitoring of anticoagulant activity of unfractionated heparin (UFH) is primarily done with activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), which is affected by many factors. Anti-Xa assays are considered to overcome these factors and may provide a better method for monitoring patients on UFH with a narrow therapeutic range. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of aPTT and anti-Xa assays in UFH monitoring. A prospective non-randomized study was carried out in two stages: first, the anti-Xa assay was standardized using kit instructions; each sample was then analyzed by both tests. The outcomes of the two assays were compared and assessed for agreement of maintaining therapeutic anticoagulant levels. These levels for anti-Xa assay were between 0.3 and 0.7 IU/ml, while it was 1.5-2.5 times the control for aPTT assay. Below this range was regarded as subtherapeutic, and above this as supratherapeutic. A total of 90 samples were tested and analyzed using both assays. Most of them (> 70%) were noted to be in subtherapeutic levels with both tests. The overall concordance was 73.3%, and the estimated kappa value was 0.483 (0.396-0.57). The correlation between aPTT and anti-Xa assay was 0.74 (p < 0.001). With anti-Xa levels in the therapeutic range, aPTT levels were in subtherapeutic in 60% and supratherapeutic in 13.3% cases. Although both the testing strategies had a good agreement and correlation, discordance was observed in interpretative values with anti-Xa levels in therapeutic range and aPTT levels in non-therapeutic range. Its clinical implications need to be evaluated further in future studies.