{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Effect of empagliflozin on total myocardial infarction events by type and additional coronary outcomes: insights from the randomized EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial.
{Author}: Fitchett D;Zinman B;Inzucchi SE;Wanner C;Anker SD;Pocock S;Mattheus M;Vedin O;Lund SS;
{Journal}: Cardiovasc Diabetol
{Volume}: 23
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: 2024 Jul 11
{Factor}: 8.949
{DOI}: 10.1186/s12933-024-02328-6
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>The effect of empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2 inhibitor, on risk for myocardial infarction has not been fully characterized.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>This study comprised prespecified and post-hoc analyses of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial in which 7020 people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease [mostly atherosclerotic (ASCVD)] were randomized to empagliflozin or placebo and followed for a median 3.1 years. We assessed the effect of empagliflozin on total (first plus recurrent) events of centrally adjudicated fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) using a negative binomial model with robust confidence intervals (CI) that preserves randomization and accounts for the within-patient correlation of multiple events. Post hoc, we analyzed types of MI: type 1 (related to plaque-rupture/thrombus), type 2 (myocardial supply-demand imbalance), type 3 (sudden-death related, i.e. fatal MI), type 4 (percutaneous coronary intervention-related), and type 5 (coronary artery bypass graft-related). MIs could be assigned to > 1 type.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>There were 421 total MIs (including recurrent); 299, 86, 26, 19, and 1 were classified as type 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 events, respectively. Overall, empagliflozin reduced the risk of total MI events by 21% [rate ratio for empagliflozin vs. placebo, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.620-0.998), P = 0.0486], largely driven by its effect on type 1 [rate ratio, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.61-1.04)] and type 2 MIs [rate ratio, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.41-1.10)].<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>In T2D patients with ASCVD, empagliflozin reduced the risk of MIs, with consistent effects across the two most common etiologies, i.e. type 1 and 2.<BR><B>BACKGROUND: </B>URL: https://www.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01131676.