{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: A high precision laser scanning system for measuring shape and volume of transtibial amputee residual limbs: Design and validation.
{Author}: Squibb CO;Madigan ML;Philen MK;
{Journal}: PLoS One
{Volume}: 19
{Issue}: 7
{Year}: 2024
{Factor}: 3.752
{DOI}: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301619
{Abstract}: Changes in limb volume and shape among transtibial amputees affects socket fit and comfort. The ability to accurately measure residual limb volume and shape and relate it to comfort could contribute to advances in socket design and overall care. This work designed and validated a novel 3D laser scanner that measures the volume and shape of residual limbs. The system was designed to provide accurate and repeatable scans, minimize scan duration, and account for limb motion during scans. The scanner was first validated using a cylindrical body with a known shape. Mean volumetric errors of 0.17% were found under static conditions, corresponding to a radial spatial resolution of 0.1 mm. Limb scans were also performed on a transtibial amputee and yielded a standard deviation of 8.1 ml (0.7%) across five scans, and a 46 ml (4%) change in limb volume when the socket was doffed after 15 minutes of standing.