{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Indoxyl Sulfate Contributes to Impaired Height Velocity in (Pre)School Children.
{Author}: Snauwaert E;De Buyser S;Van Biesen W;Raes A;Glorieux G;Collard L;Van Hoeck K;Van Dyck M;Godefroid N;Walle JV;Eloot S;
{Journal}: Kidney Int Rep
{Volume}: 9
{Issue}: 6
{Year}: 2024 Jun
{Factor}: 6.234
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.03.021
{Abstract}: <B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Growth failure is considered the most important clinical outcome parameter in childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD). Central to the pathophysiology of growth failure is the presence of a chronic proinflammatory state, presumed to be partly driven by the accumulation of uremic toxins. In this study, we assessed the association between uremic toxin concentrations and height velocity in a longitudinal multicentric prospective pediatric CKD cohort of (pre)school-aged children and children during pubertal stages.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>In a prospective, multicentric observational study, a selection of uremic toxin levels of children (aged 0-18 years) with CKD stage 1 to 5D was assessed every 3 months (maximum 2 years) along with clinical growth parameters. Linear mixed models with a random slope for age and a random intercept for child were fitted for height (in cm and SD scores [SDS]). A piecewise linear association between age and height was assumed.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Data analysis included data from 560 visits of 81 children (median age 9.4 years; 2/3 male). In (pre)school aged children (aged 2-12 years), a 10% increase in concurrent indoxyl sulfate (IxS, total) concentration resulted in an estimated mean height velocity decrease of 0.002 SDS/yr (P < 0.05), given that CKD stage, growth hormone (GH), bicarbonate concentration, and dietary protein intake were held constant. No significant association with height velocity was found in children during pubertal stages (aged >12 years).<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>The present study demonstrated that, especially IxS contributes to a lower height velocity in (pre)school children, whereas we could not find a role for uremic toxins with height velocity during pubertal stages.