{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Modeling and Control of an MR-Safe Pneumatic Radial Inflow Motor and Encoder (PRIME).
{Author}: Gunderman AL;Azizkhani M;Sengupta S;Cleary K;Chen Y;
{Journal}: IEEE ASME Trans Mechatron
{Volume}: 29
{Issue}: 3
{Year}: 2024 Jun
{Factor}: 5.867
{DOI}: 10.1109/tmech.2023.3329296
{Abstract}: Magnetic resonance (MR) conditional actuators and encoders are the key components for MR-guided robotic systems. In this article, we present the modeling and control of our MR-safe pneumatic radial inflow motor and encoder. A comprehensive model is developed that considers the primary dynamic elements of the system, including: 1) motor dynamics, 2) pneumatic transmission line dynamics, and 3) valve dynamics. After model validation, we present a simplified third order model that facilitates design of a first order sliding mode controller (TO-SMC). Finally, the motor hardware is tested in a 7T MRI. No image distortion or artifacts were observed. We posit the MR-safe motor and dynamic model will lower the entry barriers for researchers interested in MR-guided robots and promote wider adoption of MR-guided robotic systems.