{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Understanding the Significance of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review.
{Author}: Begagić E;Bečulić H;Džidić-Krivić A;Kadić Vukas S;Hadžić S;Mekić-Abazović A;Šegalo S;Papić E;Muchai Echengi E;Pugonja R;Kasapović T;Kavgić D;Nuhović A;Juković-Bihorac F;Đuričić S;Pojskić M;
{Journal}: Cancers (Basel)
{Volume}: 16
{Issue}: 11
{Year}: 2024 May 30
{Factor}: 6.575
{DOI}: 10.3390/cancers16112089
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>The study aims to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the development, progression, and therapeutic potential of glioblastomas.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>The study, following PRISMA guidelines, systematically examined hypoxia and HIFs in glioblastoma using MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 104 relevant studies underwent data extraction.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Among the 104 studies, global contributions were diverse, with China leading at 23.1%. The most productive year was 2019, accounting for 11.5%. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) was frequently studied, followed by hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2α), osteopontin, and cavolin-1. Commonly associated factors and pathways include glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). HIF expression correlates with various glioblastoma hallmarks, including progression, survival, neovascularization, glucose metabolism, migration, and invasion.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Overcoming challenges such as treatment resistance and the absence of biomarkers is critical for the effective integration of HIF-related therapies into the treatment of glioblastoma with the aim of optimizing patient outcomes.