{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Actual and Imagined Music-Cued Gait Training in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Double-Blind Randomized Parallel Multicenter Trial.
{Author}: Seebacher B;Helmlinger B;Pinter D;Heschl B;Ehling R;Hechenberger S;Reindl M;Khalil M;Enzinger C;Deisenhammer F;Brenneis Md C;
{Journal}: Neurorehabil Neural Repair
{Volume}: 38
{Issue}: 8
{Year}: 2024 Aug 14
{Factor}: 4.895
{DOI}: 10.1177/15459683241260724
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Actual and imagined cued gait trainings have not been compared in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).<BR><B>OBJECTIVE: </B>To analyze the effects of cued motor imagery (CMI), cued gait training (CGT), and combined CMI and cued gait training (CMI-CGT) on motor, cognitive, and emotional functioning, and health-related quality of life in people with MS.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>In this double-blind randomized parallel-group multicenter trial, people with MS were randomized (1:1:1) to CMI, CMI-CGT, or CGT for 30 minutes, 4×/week for 4 weeks. Patients practiced at home, using recorded instructions, and supported by ≥6 phone calls. Data were collected at weeks 0, 4, and 13. Co-primary outcomes were walking speed and distance, analyzed by intention-to-treat. Secondary outcomes were global cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, suicidality, fatigue, HRQoL, motor imagery ability, music-induced motivation, pleasure and arousal, self-efficacy, and cognitive function. Adverse events and falls were continuously monitored.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Of 1559 screened patients, 132 were randomized: 44 to CMI, 44 to CMI-CGT, and 44 to CGT. None of the interventions demonstrated superiority in influencing walking speed or distance, with negligible effects on walking speed (η2 = 0.019) and distance (η2 = 0.005) observed in the between-group comparison. Improvements in walking speed and walking distance over time corresponded to large effects for CMI, CMI-CGT, and CGT (η2 = 0.348 and η2 = 0.454 respectively). No severe study-related adverse events were reported.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>CMI-GT did not lead to improved walking speed and distance compared with CMI and CGT alone in people with MS. Lack of a true control group represents a study limitation.<BR><B>BACKGROUND: </B>German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00023978.