{Reference Type}: Journal Article {Title}: Neuromodulation of inhibitory control using phase-lagged transcranial alternating current stimulation. {Author}: Kim Y;Lee JH;Park JC;Kwon J;Kim H;Seo J;Min BK; {Journal}: J Neuroeng Rehabil {Volume}: 21 {Issue}: 1 {Year}: 2024 May 30 {Factor}: 5.208 {DOI}: 10.1186/s12984-024-01385-y {Abstract}: BACKGROUND: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a prominent non-invasive brain stimulation method for modulating neural oscillations and enhancing human cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of individualized theta tACS delivered in-phase and out-of-phase between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) during inhibitory control performance.
METHODS: The participants engaged in a Stroop task with phase-lagged theta tACS over individually optimized high-density electrode montages targeting the dACC and lDLPFC. We analyzed task performance, event-related potentials, and prestimulus electroencephalographic theta and alpha power.
RESULTS: We observed significantly reduced reaction times following out-of-phase tACS, accompanied by reduced frontocentral N1 and N2 amplitudes, enhanced parieto-occipital P1 amplitudes, and pronounced frontocentral late sustained potentials. Out-of-phase stimulation also resulted in significantly higher prestimulus frontocentral theta and alpha activity.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that out-of-phase theta tACS potently modulates top-down inhibitory control, supporting the feasibility of phase-lagged tACS to enhance inhibitory control performance.