{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Comprehensive Clinical Examination of ACL Injuries.
{Author}: Kantrowitz DE;Colvin A;
{Journal}: Clin Sports Med
{Volume}: 43
{Issue}: 3
{Year}: 2024 Jul
{Factor}: 2.186
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.csm.2023.08.001
{Abstract}: A comprehensive clinical examination of the potentially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee should proceed as follows: inspection; palpation; range of motion; varus and valgus stress; neurovascular status; and finally provocative maneuvers. The Lachman, anterior drawer, Lever, and pivot shift tests are all greater than 90% specific for ACL pathology. Due to the relatively high coincidence of ACL injuries and those to the posterior cruciate ligament, posterolateral corner , posteromedial corner , and menisci, it is critical that the examiner perform provocative maneuvers to evaluate the integrity of these structures as well.