{Reference Type}: Case Reports
{Title}: Long-Term Outcomes for a Student with Severely Challenging Behavior in a Special Needs School for Intellectual Disabilities: A School Consultation Case Study.
{Author}: Inoue M;
{Journal}: Yonago Acta Med
{Volume}: 67
{Issue}: 2
{Year}: 2024 May
{Factor}: 1.371
{DOI}: 10.33160/yam.2024.05.006
{Abstract}: Self-injurious, stereotyped, and aggressive/destructive behaviors exhibited by individuals with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders are called challenging behaviors (CBs). Severe CBs often require long-term treatment involving psychosocial approaches based on behavioral interventions and/or medication. A boy with severe CB enrolled in a special needs school, with diagnoses of autism and intellectual disability, was the client of the study. This case report describes the long-term outcomes of eight years of continuous school consultation. The student's severe CB improved with environmental adjustments in the classroom, unified teacher involvement, instruction of leisure and communication skills, and medication. Long-term research on changes in CBs through school consultation is limited, and this case report provides important insights into the development of effective educational programs and curricula for severe CBs in school-aged children.