{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Immune-mediated Equine Vasculopathies.
{Author}: Bozorgmanesh R;
{Journal}: Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract
{Volume}: 40
{Issue}: 2
{Year}: 2024 Aug 23
{Factor}: 2.203
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.cveq.2024.04.002
{Abstract}: Immune-mediated vasculopathies occur secondary to infection or another noninfectious stimulus. Potential triggers include heterologous antigens including viruses, injected proteins and drugs; or auto-antigens including immunoglobulins or other endogenous proteins. Although these conditions are rare in horses, immune-mediated vasculopathies can cause considerable morbidity, with variable clinical signs depending on severity and organ system affected. Examples include purpura hemorrhagica, systemic lupus erythematosus, drug-induced vasculitis, paraneoplastic vasculitis, and idiopathic immune-mediated vasculitis. Diagnosis is presumptive or based on histopathology of skin biopsies if cutaneous signs are present. Treatment relies on removing the inciting cause, immunosuppression, and supportive care.