{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Omega-3 fatty acid diglyceride emulsions as a novel injectable acute therapeutic in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
{Author}: Zirpoli H;Bernis ME;Sabir H;Manual Kollareth DJ;Hamilton JA;Huang N;Ng J;Sosunov SA;Gaebler B;Ten VS;Deckelbaum RJ;
{Journal}: Biomed Pharmacother
{Volume}: 175
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: 2024 Jun 17
{Factor}: 7.419
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116749
{Abstract}: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), resulting from a lack of blood flow and oxygen before or during newborn delivery, is a leading cause of cerebral palsy and neurological disability in children. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), the current standard of care in HIE, is only beneficial in 1 of 7-8 cases. Therefore, there is a critical need for more efficient treatments. We have previously reported that omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) carried by triglyceride (TG) lipid emulsions provide neuroprotection after experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal mice. Herein, we propose a novel acute therapeutic approach using an n-3 diglyceride (DG) lipid emulsions. Importantly, n-3 DG preparations had much smaller particle size compared to commercially available or lab-made n-3 TG emulsions. We showed that n-3 DG molecules have the advantage of incorporating at substantially higher levels than n-3 TG into an in vitro model of phospholipid membranes. We also observed that n-3 DG after parenteral administration in neonatal mice reaches the bloodstream more rapidly than n-3 TG. Using neonatal HI brain injury models in mice and rats, we found that n-3 DG emulsions provide superior neuroprotection than n-3 TG emulsions or TH in decreasing brain infarct size. Additionally, we found that n-3 DGs attenuate microgliosis and astrogliosis. Thus, n-3 DG emulsions are a superior, promising, and novel therapy for treating HIE.