{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Epistaxis first-aid: a multi-center knowledge assessment study among medical workers.
{Author}: Boldes T;Zahalka N;Kassem F;Nageris B;Sowerby LJ;Biadsee A;
{Journal}: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
{Volume}: 0
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: 2024 May 15
{Factor}: 3.236
{DOI}: 10.1007/s00405-024-08681-2
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>To assess the knowledge and confidence level regarding the basic first-aid for treating epistaxis among medical staff, including nurses and physicians across various medical disciplines. The study focused three aspects of first aid management: location of digital pressure, head position and duration of pressure.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>The study involved 597 participants, categorized into five groups according to their specialties: emergency medicine, internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and community-based healthcare. A paper-based multiple-choice questionnaire assessed knowledge of managing epistaxis. Correct answers were determined from literature review and expert consensus.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Most medical staff showed poor knowledge regarding the preferred site for applying digital pressure in epistaxis management. For head position, pediatricians and internal medicine physicians were most accurate (79.4% and 64.8%, respectively, p < 0.01), and nurses from the emergency department outperformed nurses from other disciplines; internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and community-based healthcare (61.1%, 41.5%, 43.5%, 60%, 45.6%, respectively, p < 0.05). While most medical staff were unfamiliar with the recommended duration for applying pressure on the nose, pediatricians and community clinic physicians were most accurate (47.1% and 46.0%, respectively, p < 0.01), while ER physicians were least accurate (14.9%, p < 0.01). Interestingly, a negative correlation was found between years of work experience and reported confidence level in managing epistaxis.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Our findings indicate a significant lack of knowledge concerning epistaxis first-aid among medical staff, particularly physicians in emergency departments. This finding highlights the pressing need for education and training to enhance healthcare workers' knowledge in managing epistaxis.