{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Lead-free dual-frequency ultrasound implants for wireless, biphasic deep brain stimulation.
{Author}: Wang Q;Zhang Y;Xue H;Zeng Y;Lu G;Fan H;Jiang L;Wu J;
{Journal}: Nat Commun
{Volume}: 15
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: 2024 May 13
{Factor}: 17.694
{DOI}: 10.1038/s41467-024-48250-z
{Abstract}: Ultrasound-driven bioelectronics could offer a wireless scheme with sustainable power supply; however, current ultrasound implantable systems present critical challenges in biocompatibility and harvesting performance related to lead/lead-free piezoelectric materials and devices. Here, we report a lead-free dual-frequency ultrasound implants for wireless, biphasic deep brain stimulation, which integrates two developed lead-free sandwich porous 1-3-type piezoelectric composite elements with enhanced harvesting performance in a flexible printed circuit board. The implant is ultrasonically powered through a portable external dual-frequency transducer and generates programmable biphasic stimulus pulses in clinically relevant frequencies. Furthermore, we demonstrate ultrasound-driven implants for long-term biosafety therapy in deep brain stimulation through an epileptic rodent model. With biocompatibility and improved electrical performance, the lead-free materials and devices presented here could provide a promising platform for developing implantable ultrasonic electronics in the future.