{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: A case-control study of the clinical and economic impact of infections caused by Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE).
{Author}: López Montesinos I;Carot-Coll A;Montero MM;Sorli Redó L;Siverio-Parès A;Esteban-Cucó S;Durán X;Gomez-Zorrilla S;Horcajada JP;
{Journal}: Infection
{Volume}: 0
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: 2024 May 3
{Factor}: 7.455
{DOI}: 10.1007/s15010-024-02268-z
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>The aim was to analyse the clinical and economic impact of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infections.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Case-control study. Adult patients with CPE infections were considered cases, while those with non-CPE infections were controls. Matching criteria were age (± 5 years), sex, source of infection and microorganism (ratio 1:2). Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 90-day mortality, clinical failure, hospitalisation costs and resource consumption.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>246 patients (82 cases and 164 controls) were included. Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA-48 was the most common microorganism causing CPE infections. CPE cases had more prior comorbidities (p = 0.007), septic shock (p = 0.003), and were more likely to receive inappropriate empirical and definitive antibiotic treatment (both p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified septic shock and inappropriate empirical treatment as independent predictors for 7-day and end-of-treatment clinical failure, whereas Charlson Index and septic shock were associated with 30- and 90-day mortality. CPE infection was independently associated with early clinical failure (OR 2.18, 95% CI, 1.03-4.59), but not with end-of-treatment clinical failure or 30- or 90-day mortality. In terms of resource consumption, hospitalisation costs for CPE were double those of the non-CPE group. CPE cases had longer hospital stay (p < 0.001), required more long-term care facilities (p < 0.001) and outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (p = 0.007).<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>The CPE group was associated with worse clinical outcomes, but this was mainly due to a higher comorbidity burden, more severe illness, and more frequent inappropriate antibiotic treatment rather than resistance patterns as such. However, the CPE group consumed more healthcare resources and incurred higher costs.