{Reference Type}: Journal Article {Title}: Disentangling fetal insulin hypersecretion and insulin resistance. {Author}: Nolan CJ;Desoye G; {Journal}: Trends Endocrinol Metab {Volume}: 0 {Issue}: 0 {Year}: 2024 May 1 {Factor}: 10.586 {DOI}: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.008 {Abstract}: Disentangling which of insulin hypersecretion and insulin resistance is upstream in obesity-related type 2 diabetes (T2D) is challenging. Here, we consider the dynamics of insulin secretion and action in the fetuses of mothers with diabetes. We argue that fetal insulin hypersecretion occurs first, with insulin resistance being an adaptive protective response.