{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: EANM consensus document on the use of [18F]FDG PET/CT in fever and inflammation of unknown origin.
{Author}: Hess S;Noriega-Álvarez E;Leccisotti L;Treglia G;Albano D;Roivainen A;Glaudemans AWJM;Gheysens O;
{Journal}: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
{Volume}: 51
{Issue}: 9
{Year}: 2024 Jul 27
{Factor}: 10.057
{DOI}: 10.1007/s00259-024-06732-8
{Abstract}: OBJECTIVE: Patients with fever and inflammation of unknown origin (FUO/IUO) are clinically challenging due to variable clinical presentations with nonspecific symptoms and many differential diagnoses. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) is increasingly used in FUO and IUO, but the optimal diagnostic strategy remains controversial. This consensus document aims to assist clinicians and nuclear medicine specialists in the appropriate use of [18F]FDG-PET/CT in FUO and IUO based on current evidence.
METHODS: A working group created by the EANM infection and inflammation committee performed a systematic literature search based on PICOs with "patients with FUO/IUO" as population, "[18F]FDG-PET/CT" as intervention, and several outcomes including pre-scan characteristics, scan protocol, diagnostic yield, impact on management, prognosis, and cost-effectiveness.
RESULTS: We included 68 articles published from 2001 to 2023: 9 systematic reviews, 49 original papers on general adult populations, and 10 original papers on specific populations. All papers were analysed and included in the evidence-based recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS: FUO and IUO remains a clinical challenge and [18F]FDG PET/CT has a definite role in the diagnostic pathway with an overall diagnostic yield or helpfulness in 50-60% of patients. A positive scan is often contributory by directly guiding treatment or subsequent diagnostic procedure. However, a negative scan may be equally important by excluding focal disease and predicting a favorable prognosis. Similar results are obtained in specific populations such as ICU-patients, children and HIV-patients.