{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Integrated Multiplatform Analysis and Separation of Thirteen Flavonoids and Anthraquinones in Seven Medicinal Cassia Species.
{Author}: Girme A;Saste G;Kureshi AA;Jagtap S;Kamble S;Wadye SD;Hingorani L;
{Journal}: J AOAC Int
{Volume}: 107
{Issue}: 4
{Year}: 2024 Jul 4
{Factor}: 2.028
{DOI}: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae028
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Cassia (Family: Fabaceae) species are a large group of flowering plants rich in bioactive anthraquinone and flavonoids used in botanical supplements and nutraceuticals.<BR><B>OBJECTIVE: </B>A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) method was developed and validated for separating and quantifying 13 anthraquinone and flavonoids. These compounds were further confirmed using an LC-based electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) method in the leaves and flowers of selected Cassia species. A simple and rapid HPTLC method was developed for chemical fingerprint analysis of all Cassia species.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>All 13 compounds were chromatographically separated on a Zorbax TC18 (4.6 × 250, 5 μm particle size) analytical column, and 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as elution solvents at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with detection at 259 nm. For HPTLC fingerprinting, the mobile phase compositions of toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (5.5:4.2:0.6, v/v/v) were optimized to separate and identify all compounds using silica gel 60F254 aluminum plates.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>The validation data for the developed HPLC-PDA method for 13 compounds showed good linearity (r2 >0.99) with a sensitive LOD (0.082-1.969 μg/mL), LOQ (0.250-5.967 μg/mL), and excellent recoveries (85.22-100.32%). The quantification results were found to be precise and accurate (<5.0% and relative error), -0.77-0.44 with ESI-MS/MS confirmation in the Cassia samples. The novel HPTLC method was excellent separation for 13 compounds, with Rf values ranging between 0.12 and 0.61.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>The developed HPLC-PDA method was simple and precise and could separate and quantify anthraquinones and flavonoids along with confirmation, using a novel LC-based ESI-MS/MS. The HPTLC method was found to be simple and precise, with excellent separation capabilities for these compounds.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>This novel multiplatform approach successfully identified and quantified 13 compounds simultaneously using an integration of data strategy in seven medicinally important Cassia species' leaves and flowers.