{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Optimized combination of Cervus nippon (Sika deer), Angelica (Dangui), and Rehmannia (Suk-jihwang) mitigates LPS-induced inflammation: exploring signaling pathways through plasma metabolomics.
{Author}: Pan JH;Lee MK;Chang MH;Crowley LN;Le BL;Lee DS;Kim TG;Kim D;Lee K;Ko SG;Lee JH;Lee SH;Kim JK;
{Journal}: Food Sci Biotechnol
{Volume}: 33
{Issue}: 7
{Year}: 2024 Jun
{Factor}: 3.231
{DOI}: 10.1007/s10068-023-01476-x
{Abstract}: This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of three anti-inflammatory materials [i.e., Cervus nippon Temminck (CT), Angelica gigas Nakai (AN), and Rehmannia glutinosa (RG)] for the strongest anti-inflammatory potential. Eighteen combinations of the three materials were tested in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via assessing nitric oxide (NO). The best combination from in vitro studies was administered to LPS-treated C57BL/6J mice for five days. Subsequently, plasma metabolites were profiled by bioinformatics analyses and validations. As results, 2, 20, and 50 µg/mL of CT, AN, and RG (TM) were the most effective combination suppressing inflammation. In mice, TM mitigated hepatic inflammatory markers. Similarly, the metabolomics indicated that TM may suppress NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating hepatic inflammation. TM also decreased systemic and hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, we found the optimal combination of TM for mitigating inflammation; thus further studies on safety, mechanisms, and clinical models are warranted for human applications.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01476-x.