{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Natural language processing (NLP) to facilitate abstract review in medical research: the application of BioBERT to exploring the 20-year use of NLP in medical research.
{Author}: Masoumi S;Amirkhani H;Sadeghian N;Shahraz S;
{Journal}: Syst Rev
{Volume}: 13
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: 2024 Apr 15
{Factor}: 3.136
{DOI}: 10.1186/s13643-024-02470-y
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Abstract review is a time and labor-consuming step in the systematic and scoping literature review in medicine. Text mining methods, typically natural language processing (NLP), may efficiently replace manual abstract screening. This study applies NLP to a deliberately selected literature review problem, the trend of using NLP in medical research, to demonstrate the performance of this automated abstract review model.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Scanning PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases, we identified 22,294 with a final selection of 12,817 English abstracts published between 2000 and 2021. We invented a manual classification of medical fields, three variables, i.e., the context of use (COU), text source (TS), and primary research field (PRF). A training dataset was developed after reviewing 485 abstracts. We used a language model called Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers to classify the abstracts. To evaluate the performance of the trained models, we report a micro f1-score and accuracy.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>The trained models' micro f1-score for classifying abstracts, into three variables were 77.35% for COU, 76.24% for TS, and 85.64% for PRF. The average annual growth rate (AAGR) of the publications was 20.99% between 2000 and 2020 (72.01 articles (95% CI: 56.80-78.30) yearly increase), with 81.76% of the abstracts published between 2010 and 2020. Studies on neoplasms constituted 27.66% of the entire corpus with an AAGR of 42.41%, followed by studies on mental conditions (AAGR = 39.28%). While electronic health or medical records comprised the highest proportion of text sources (57.12%), omics databases had the highest growth among all text sources with an AAGR of 65.08%. The most common NLP application was clinical decision support (25.45%).<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>BioBERT showed an acceptable performance in the abstract review. If future research shows the high performance of this language model, it can reliably replace manual abstract reviews.