{Reference Type}: Journal Article {Title}: Toward a holistic approach to EdTech effectiveness: Lessons from Covid-19 research in Bangladesh, Ghana, Kenya, Pakistan, and Sierra Leone. {Author}: Nicolai S;Jordan K;Adam T;Kaye T;Myers C; {Journal}: Int J Educ Dev {Volume}: 0 {Issue}: 0 {Year}: 2023 Jun 27 {Factor}: 1.873 {DOI}: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102841 {Abstract}: During school closures prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic, educational technology (EdTech) was often used to continue educational provision. In this article, we consider EdTech effectiveness using a holistic framework, and synthesise findings from 10 primary research studies of EdTech interventions conducted in low- and middle-income countries during the pandemic. The framework includes five main lenses: learning outcomes, enhancing equity, implementation context, cost and affordability, and alignment and scale. While in-person schooling has largely resumed, there continues to be further integration of EdTech into education systems globally. This analysis provides evidence-based insights and highlights knowledge gaps to shape holistic analysis of both EdTech mainstreaming and future research into the effective use of EdTech to strengthen learning.