{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Gastrointestinal symptom burden in diabetic autonomic and peripheral neuropathy - A Danes cohort study.
{Author}: Kufaishi H;Mizrak HI;Brock B;Hansen TW;Rossing P;Hansen CS;
{Journal}: J Diabetes Complications
{Volume}: 38
{Issue}: 5
{Year}: 2024 05 13
{Factor}: 3.219
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108745
{Abstract}: We investigated associations between gastrointestinal symptoms - evaluated as a combined weighted symptom score (CWSS) - Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN), and distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.<BR>Cross-sectional study in a tertiary outpatient clinic. CWSS was calculated based on questionnaires: gastroparesis composite symptom index (GCSI) and gastrointestinal symptom rating score (GSRS). DAN and DSPN were addressed using the composite autonomic symptom score 31 (COMPASS-31) questionnaire, cardiac autonomic reflex tests (CARTs), electrochemical skin conductance (ESC), vibration perception threshold (VPT), Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), pain- and thermal sensation. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking, LDL-cholesterol, HbA1C and systolic blood pressure. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes were evaluated separately.<BR>We included 566 with type 1 diabetes and 377 with type 2 diabetes. Mean ± SD age was 58 ± 15 years and 565 (59.9 %) were women. A high CWSS was present in 143 (25 %) with type 1 and 142 (38 %) with type 2 diabetes. The odds of DAN by COMPASS-31 (p < 0.001) were higher in the high score group. For type 1 diabetes, odds of cardiac autonomic neuropathy were higher in the high CWSS group. The odds of DSPN by VPT and MNSI in type 1 diabetes, and by ESC, VPT and pain sensation in type 2 diabetes were higher in the high CWSS group.<BR>A high symptom score was associated with neuropathy by COMPASS-31 and vibration perception. Gastrointestinal symptom burden associated inconsistently with other neuropathy tests between diabetes types.