{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Primary Paraganglioma of the Prostate: A Systematic Review of the Literature for A Rare Entity.
{Author}: Giannakodimos I;Ziogou A;Giannakodimos A;Mitakidi E;Tzelepis K;Fragkiadis E;Charalampakis N;
{Journal}: Rev Recent Clin Trials
{Volume}: 0
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: 2024 Feb 16
暂无{DOI}: 10.2174/0115748871293735240209052044
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Paragangliomas of the urinary tract are exceptionally uncommon, and sporadic case reports of primary paraganglioma of the prostate have been reported in the literature.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Systematic research in PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases concerning primary prostatic paraganglioma was performed by two independent investigators.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>This analysis included 25 adult males, with a mean age of 49.8 ± 22.4 years. 32% of included patients had a history of hypertension. Problems during urination (52%), blood loss (44%), either as hematuria or hemospermia, and catecholamine-related symptoms (36%) comprised the most frequently reported clinical manifestations. Digital rectal examination found a palpable nodule in 36% of patients, while prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was normal in all tested patients. Abdominal ultrasound (44%), computed tomography (44%) and magnetic resonance imaging (28%) helped to identify the primary lesion. 24-hour urine epinephrine, norepinephrine and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) levels were elevated in 90%, 80% and 90% of included patients. Open surgical excision of the mass was performed in 40%, transurethral resection in 8%, open radical prostatectomy in 24%, transurethral resection of the prostate in 16% and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in 4% of included patients.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Due to atypical clinical manifestation and scarcity of prostatic paraganglioma, urologists should be aware of this extremely rare entity.