{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Renal toxicity of ifosfamide in children with cancer: an exploratory study integrating aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymatic activity data and a wide-array urinary metabolomics approach.
{Author}: Febvey-Combes O;Guitton J;Marec-Berard P;Faure-Conter C;Blanc E;Chabaud S;Conjard-Duplany A;Schell M;Derain Dubourg L;
{Journal}: BMC Pediatr
{Volume}: 24
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: 2024 Mar 19
{Factor}: 2.567
{DOI}: 10.1186/s12887-024-04633-1
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Ifosfamide is a major anti-cancer drug in children with well-known renal toxicity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this toxicity could help identify children at increased risk of toxicity.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>The IFOS01 study included children undergoing ifosfamide-based chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma. A fully evaluation of renal function was performed during and after chemotherapy. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and conventional biochemistry were used to detect early signs of ifosfamide-induced tubulopathy. The enzymatic activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was measured in the peripheral blood lymphocytes as a marker of ifosfamide-derived chloroacetaldehyde detoxification capacity. Plasma and urine concentrations of ifosfamide and dechloroethylated metabolites were quantified.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>The 15 participants received a median total ifosfamide dose of 59 g/m2 (range: 24-102), given over a median of 7 cycles (range: 4-14). All children had acute proximal tubular toxicity during chemotherapy that was reversible post-cycle, seen with both conventional assays and NMR. After a median follow-up of 31 months, 8/13 children presented overall chronic toxicity among which 7 had decreased glomerular filtration rate. ALDH enzymatic activity showed high inter- and intra-individual variations across cycles, though overall activity looked lower in children who subsequently developed chronic nephrotoxicity. Concentrations of ifosfamide and metabolites were similar in all children.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Acute renal toxicity was frequent during chemotherapy and did not allow identification of children at risk for long-term toxicity. A role of ALDH in late renal dysfunction is possible so further exploration of its enzymatic activity and polymorphism should be encouraged to improve the understanding of ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity.