{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Genotypic diversity and epidemiology of Trichomonas gallinae in Columbidae: Insights from a comprehensive analysis.
{Author}: Liu Y;Cai H;Wang D;Liao S;Qi N;Li J;Yan Z;Shen H;Fang S;Lv M;Lin X;Song Y;Hu J;Zhu Y;Chen X;Yin L;Zhang J;Guo Y;Sun M;
{Journal}: Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl
{Volume}: 23
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: 2024 Apr
{Factor}: 2.773
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100918
{Abstract}: Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoa that parasitizes the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of various animals and birds, including Columbidae, Passeriformes, and Falconiformes. Polymerase chain reaction-based T. gallinae ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 gene typing yields inconsistent results owing to methodological differences. To standardize the statistical analysis of T. gallinae genotype distributions, this study employed MEGA-X software with the Tamamura 3-parameter (T92) + G model in the neighbor-joining method, with 2,000 bootstrap replicates, to calculate a systematic evolutionary tree. The resulting tree comprised 12 branches, ITS-OBT-Tg-1 to ITS-OBT-Tgl, with similar phylogenetic relationships. Relevant literature review yielded T. gallinae prevalence data in Columbidae. Statistical analysis was conducted from two perspectives: non-biological and biological factors, using chi-square tests and ordered logistic regression analysis. T. gallinae positivity rates differed significantly across diverse regions (χ2 = 4,609.9, P = 0.000, df = 4) and at various times (χ2 = 2,810.8, P = 0.000, df = 3). However, temperature and precipitation did not significantly affect T. gallinae positivity rates. Additionally, T. gallinae positivity rates differed significantly among diverse hosts (χ2 = 2,958.6, P = 0.000, df = 14) and by host age (χ2 = 478.5, P = 0.000, df = 2) and sex (χ2 = 96.00, P = 0.000, df = 1). This comprehensive analysis aimed to control T. gallinae transmission, reduce economic and species resource losses, and provide a foundation for future related research.