{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: The association of milk and multiple food avoidance with growth parameters in infants and children.
{Author}: Sackesen C;Buyuktiryaki B;Gokce T;Gogebakan E;Gundogdu BS;Eltan SB;Karakoc-Aydiner E;Yilmaz EA;Can C;Cengiz H;Unlugedik O;Celik N;Incir S;Mutlu GY;Yildirim D;Ozel HG;Hatun S;
{Journal}: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
{Volume}: 132
{Issue}: 6
{Year}: 2024 Jun 4
{Factor}: 6.248
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.02.023
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Recent studies reported that strict avoidance of milk products in cow's milk allergy (CMA) affects growth and bone turnover, causing negative calcium balance and changes in bone metabolism.<BR><B>OBJECTIVE: </B>To investigate biochemical parameters to predict bone turnover and its relations with height and weight measurements and nutritional intake.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Height, weight, and body mass index z scores were plotted for age according to the World Health Organization. A 3-consecutive day food record was analyzed for nutritional values of foods. The blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>The study included 69 controls, 66 children with isolated CMA, and 59 children with multiple food allergy (FA). The z scores for weight, height, and body mass index were lower in isolated CMA and multiple FA groups than controls (P < .001, P = .004, and P = .002, respectively). The nutritional intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins B2 and B12, niacin, calcium, and phosphorus were significantly lower in isolated CMA and multiple FA than controls. In infants (≤2 years of age), although blood calcium level was in normal range, it was significantly lower in isolated CMA and multiple FA than in controls (P < .001). In children older than 2 years, PTH level was significantly higher in isolated CMA and multiple FA groups than in controls (P = .003).<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Our study revealed that children with isolated CMA and multiple FA had a high nutrition gap, growth deceleration, and unbalanced bone metabolism, as illustrated by low blood calcium and elevated PTH levels.