{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Retinal hemorrhages and damages from tractional forces associated with infantile abusive head trauma evaluated by wide-field fundus photography.
{Author}: Azuma N;Yoshida T;Yokoi T;Nishina S;Uematsu S;Miyasaka M;
{Journal}: Sci Rep
{Volume}: 14
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: 2024 03 4
{Factor}: 4.996
{DOI}: 10.1038/s41598-024-54664-y
{Abstract}: We evaluated the distribution and types of retinal hemorrhages (RHs) and other damages in eyes with abusive head trauma (AHT). This retrospective, consecutive case series of AHT and non-AHT conditions involved 54 children with AHT, 43 children with head bruises, and 49 children with blunt eye trauma, each of non-AHT supported by reliable witness accounts. RHs and other damage were evaluated using ophthalmoscopy and wide-field fundus photography. A variety of RH types and other damage were identified in the AHT group but not in the non-AHT group. RHs in AHT extended from the posterior pole to the far periphery in 77% of eyes and on/near the veins in 86% and arteries in 85%, most of which were in the far periphery. Retinoschisis, white-dot lesions, and retinal folds were seen even in the far periphery. RHs on/near the veins and arteries, retinoschisis, and retinal folds suggest a traumatic mechanism of the tractional force of the vitreous that is attached to the entire retinal surface. Identifying the distribution and arterio and venous origins of RHs is a key factor in determining the association with trauma. Thus, wide-field fundus photography is useful to record and evaluate the origin of the RHs and other retinal damage.