{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Production of Kinanthraquinone D with Antimalarial Activity by Heterologous Gene Expression and Biotransformation in Streptomyces lividans TK23.
{Author}: Sakai K;Futamura Y;Nogawa T;Zhao Y;Koshino H;Osada H;Takahashi S;
{Journal}: J Nat Prod
{Volume}: 87
{Issue}: 4
{Year}: 2024 04 26
{Factor}: 4.803
{DOI}: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01076
{Abstract}: Two new compounds, kinanthraquinone C (1) and kinanthraquinone D (2), were isolated along with two known compounds, kinanthraquinone (3) and kinanthraquinone B (4), produced by the heterologous expression of the kiq biosynthetic gene cluster and its pathway-specific regulator, kiqA, in Streptomyces lividans TK23. The chemical structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. To examine a biosynthetic pathway of compounds 1 and 2, incubation experiments were conducted using S. lividans TK23 to supply the compounds 3 and 4. These experiments indicated that compounds 3 and 4 were converted to compounds 2 and 1, respectively, by the endogenous enzymes of S. lividans TK23. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 had antimalarial activities at half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.91, 1.2, and 15 μM, respectively, without cytotoxicity up to 30 μM.