{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Deep learning denoising reconstruction for improved image quality in fetal cardiac cine MRI.
{Author}: Vollbrecht TM;Hart C;Zhang S;Katemann C;Sprinkart AM;Isaak A;Attenberger U;Pieper CC;Kuetting D;Geipel A;Strizek B;Luetkens JA;
{Journal}: Front Cardiovasc Med
{Volume}: 11
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: 2024
{Factor}: 5.846
{DOI}: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1323443
{Abstract}: <B>UNASSIGNED: </B>This study aims to evaluate deep learning (DL) denoising reconstructions for image quality improvement of Doppler ultrasound (DUS)-gated fetal cardiac MRI in congenital heart disease (CHD).<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Twenty-five fetuses with CHD (mean gestational age: 35 ± 1 weeks) underwent fetal cardiac MRI at 3T. Cine imaging was acquired using a balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence with Doppler ultrasound gating. Images were reconstructed using both compressed sensing (bSSFP CS) and a pre-trained convolutional neural network trained for DL denoising (bSSFP DL). Images were compared qualitatively based on a 5-point Likert scale (from 1 = non-diagnostic to 5 = excellent) and quantitatively by calculating the apparent signal-to-noise ratio (aSNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (aCNR). Diagnostic confidence was assessed for the atria, ventricles, foramen ovale, valves, great vessels, aortic arch, and pulmonary veins.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Fetal cardiac cine MRI was successful in 23 fetuses (92%), with two studies excluded due to extensive fetal motion. The image quality of bSSFP DL cine reconstructions was rated superior to standard bSSFP CS cine images in terms of contrast [3 (interquartile range: 2-4) vs. 5 (4-5), P < 0.001] and endocardial edge definition [3 (2-4) vs. 4 (4-5), P < 0.001], while the extent of artifacts was found to be comparable [4 (3-4.75) vs. 4 (3-4), P = 0.40]. bSSFP DL images had higher aSNR and aCNR compared with the bSSFP CS images (aSNR: 13.4 ± 6.9 vs. 8.3 ± 3.6, P < 0.001; aCNR: 26.6 ± 15.8 vs. 14.4 ± 6.8, P < 0.001). Diagnostic confidence of the bSSFP DL images was superior for the evaluation of cardiovascular structures (e.g., atria and ventricles: P = 0.003).<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>DL image denoising provides superior quality for DUS-gated fetal cardiac cine imaging of CHD compared to standard CS image reconstruction.