{Reference Type}: Journal Article {Title}: Poseidon and Caeneus: a case of pubertal gender inversion in Greek mythology. {Author}: Stamou MI;Armeni AK;Kazantzidis G;Georgopoulos NA;Markantes GK; {Journal}: Hormones (Athens) {Volume}: 23 {Issue}: 2 {Year}: 2024 Jun 16 {Factor}: 3.419 {DOI}: 10.1007/s42000-023-00524-9 {Abstract}: Disorders of sex development (DSDs) are very frequently encountered in ancient Greek mythology. One of the most striking types of DSD described in many myths is gender transformation wherein a female becomes a male or vice versa. Herein, we present via the marvelous myth of Poseidon and Caeneus a case of pubertal gender inversion. A medical interpretation of the myth whereby we attempt to form a diagnosis of this case of DSD is also presented.