{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: TORC pathway intersects with a calcium sensor kinase network to regulate potassium sensing in Arabidopsis.
{Author}: Li KL;Xue H;Tang RJ;Luan S;
{Journal}: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
{Volume}: 120
{Issue}: 47
{Year}: 2023 Nov 21
{Factor}: 12.779
{DOI}: 10.1073/pnas.2316011120
{Abstract}: Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, and its availability in the soil varies widely, requiring plants to respond and adapt to the changing K nutrient status. We show here that plant growth rate is closely correlated with K status in the medium, and this K-dependent growth is mediated by the highly conserved nutrient sensor, target of rapamycin (TOR). Further study connected the TOR complex (TORC) pathway with a low-K response signaling network consisting of calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) and CBL-interacting kinases (CIPK). Under high K conditions, TORC is rapidly activated and shut down the CBL-CIPK low-K response pathway through regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR)-CIPK interaction. In contrast, low-K status activates CBL-CIPK modules that in turn inhibit TORC by phosphorylating RAPTOR, leading to dissociation and thus inactivation of the TORC. The reciprocal regulation of the TORC and CBL-CIPK modules orchestrates plant response and adaptation to K nutrient status in the environment.