{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Development of SV2A Ligands for Epilepsy Treatment: A Review of Levetiracetam, Brivaracetam, and Padsevonil.
{Author}: Wu PP;Cao BR;Tian FY;Gao ZB;
{Journal}: Neurosci Bull
{Volume}: 40
{Issue}: 5
{Year}: 2024 May 28
{Factor}: 5.271
{DOI}: 10.1007/s12264-023-01138-2
{Abstract}: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that is primarily treated with antiseizure medications (ASMs). Although dozens of ASMs are available in the clinic, approximately 30% of epileptic patients have medically refractory seizures; other limitations in most traditional ASMs include poor tolerability and drug-drug interactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative ASMs. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a first-line ASM that is well tolerated, has promising efficacy, and has little drug-drug interaction. Although it is widely accepted that LEV acts through a unique therapeutic target synaptic vesicle protein (SV) 2A, the molecular basis of its action remains unknown. Even so, the next-generation SV2A ligands against epilepsy based on the structure of LEV have achieved clinical success. This review highlights the research and development (R&D) process of LEV and its analogs, brivaracetam and padsevonil, to provide ideas and experience for the R&D of novel ASMs.