{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: The multi-kingdom microbiome of the goat gastrointestinal tract.
{Author}: Cao Y;Feng T;Wu Y;Xu Y;Du L;Wang T;Luo Y;Wang Y;Li Z;Xuan Z;Chen S;Yao N;Gao NL;Xiao Q;Huang K;Wang X;Cui K;Rehman SU;Tang X;Liu D;Han H;Li Y;Chen WH;Liu Q;
{Journal}: Microbiome
{Volume}: 11
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: 2023 10 2
{Factor}: 16.837
{DOI}: 10.1186/s40168-023-01651-6
{Abstract}: Goat is an important livestock worldwide, which plays an indispensable role in human life by providing meat, milk, fiber, and pelts. Despite recent significant advances in microbiome studies, a comprehensive survey on the goat microbiomes covering gastrointestinal tract (GIT) sites, developmental stages, feeding styles, and geographical factors is still unavailable. Here, we surveyed its multi-kingdom microbial communities using 497 samples from ten sites along the goat GIT.<BR>We reconstructed a goat multi-kingdom microbiome catalog (GMMC) including 4004 bacterial, 71 archaeal, and 7204 viral genomes and annotated over 4,817,256 non-redundant protein-coding genes. We revealed patterns of feeding-driven microbial community dynamics along the goat GIT sites which were likely associated with gastrointestinal food digestion and absorption capabilities and disease risks, and identified an abundance of large intestine-enriched genera involved in plant fiber digestion. We quantified the effects of various factors affecting the distribution and abundance of methane-producing microbes including the GIT site, age, feeding style, and geography, and identified 68 virulent viruses targeting the methane producers via a comprehensive virus-bacterium/archaea interaction network.<BR>Together, our GMMC catalog provides functional insights of the goat GIT microbiota through microbiome-host interactions and paves the way to microbial interventions for better goat and eco-environmental qualities. Video Abstract.