{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Insights on Covid-19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus.
{Author}: Almutawif YA;Al-Kuraishy HM;Al-Gareeb AI;Alexiou A;Papadakis M;Eid HMA;Saad HM;Batiha GE;
{Journal}: Immun Inflamm Dis
{Volume}: 11
{Issue}: 9
{Year}: 2023 09
{Factor}: 2.493
{DOI}: 10.1002/iid3.989
{Abstract}: A novel coronavirus (CoV) known as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 is the causative agent for the development of CoV disease 2019 (Covid-19). Covid-19 may increase the risk of developing pulmonary histoplasmosis due to immune dysregulation. In addition, Covid-19 may enhance the propagation of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis due to lung injury and inflammation, and using corticosteroids in severely affected Covid-19 patients may reactivate latent pulmonary histoplasmosis. Likewise, activation of inflammatory signaling pathways during H. capsulatum infection may increase the severity of Covid-19 and vice versa. Furthermore, lymphopenia in Covid-19 may increase the risk for the progress of pulmonary histoplasmosis besides activation of inflammatory signaling pathways during H. capsulatum infection may increase the severity of Covid-19 and vice versa. Therefore, this critical review aimed to find the potential link between Covid-19 pneumonia and pulmonary histoplasmosis concerning the immunological response.